英國議會安全委員會:華爲可能帶來風險

The U.K. has left itself vulnerable to cyberattacks and state-sponsored spying by allowing a Chinese company, Huawei Technologies Co., to become a major player in Britain's telecommunications industry without adequate security checks, a parliamentary committee said Thursday.

英國議會一個委員會週四表示，在沒有進行足夠安全檢查的情況下，中資企業華爲技術有限公司(Huawei Technologies Co.)就成爲英國電信業的主要供應商，這令英國容易受到網絡攻擊和政府支持間諜活動的騷擾。

The report by the Intelligence and Security Committee marks the second setback in as many months for the company in Europe, a market that has become more important as it runs into political roadblocks in the U.S. and elsewhere.

英國議會情報和安全委員會(Intelligence and Security Committee)出具的這份報告標誌着華爲數月內在歐洲遭遇第二次挫折。在美國和世界其它地區遭到政治阻力之後，歐洲市場對華爲的重要性增加。

In May, the European Union said it planned to investigate the company over alleged unfair trade practices.

今年5月歐盟表示，它計劃對華爲涉嫌不公平貿易做法的指控進行調查。

The U.K. Parliament's security watchdog said it was 'shocked' at the government's failure to monitor Huawei's activities and called its strategy for monitoring or reacting to cyberattacks 'feeble at best.'

英國議會的這一安全委員會說，它對政府未能監控華爲的種種活動感到“震驚”，並稱政府的監控策略或對網絡攻擊的反應“充其量只能算是軟弱無力的”。

It noted that a system set up in 2010 in the U.K. to monitor Huawei's activities is funded and run by the company itself─something it said should be changed. 'A self-policing arrangement is highly unlikely either to provide, or to be seen to be providing, the required levels of security assurance,' the report said.

該委員會指出，2010年在英國設立的一個監控華爲各項活動的系統是由華爲出資和運營的。該委員會認爲這種情況應該改變。報告說，這種自我監管的安排極不可能提供所需級別的安全保障，或是在外界看來不可能提供這樣的保障。

The committee of lawmakers is charged with scrutinizing the U.K.'s security service, secret intelligence service and government communications headquarters.

該委員會的英國議員負責審查英國的安全服務、祕密情報機構和政府通信總部。

Most of the concern about Huawei─the world's second-largest telecom-equipment vendor by revenue after AB L.M. Ericsson -1.97% of Sweden─surrounds its perceived links to the Chinese government, it said.

報告說，對華爲的大多數擔心與外界認爲其與中國政府存在關聯有關。按收入計算，華爲是全球第二大電信設備供應商，排在瑞典的愛立信(AB L.M. Ericsson)之後。

The report said China is suspected of being one of the main perpetrators of state-sponsored cyberattacks in the U.K. It didn't cite specifics, but the committee's 2010-2011 annual report─parts of which were redacted─said the targets of suspected attacks were in government as well as industry.

報告稱，外界懷疑中國是發生在英國的多起受政府支持網絡攻擊的發起者之一。報告沒有詳述具體情況。但該委員會2010-2011年度報告（報告部分內容經過修訂）說，可疑攻擊的對象既有政府，也涉及行業。

'In this context, the alleged links between Huawei and the Chinese State are concerning, as they generate suspicion as to whether Huawei's intentions are strictly commercial or are more political,' the report said.

報告說，在這種情況下，華爲和中國政府涉嫌存在聯繫令人擔憂。因爲這令人產生懷疑，即華爲的意圖是純粹出於商業考慮還是更具政治內涵。

In the U.S., Huawei has essentially been blocked from selling gear to major operators because of similar concerns. A congressional intelligence committee report concluded its presence posed a national-security threat.

在美國，出於類似擔心，華爲基本上遭到封堵，無法向主要運營商出售設備。美國國會一個情報委員會出具的報告得出結論說，華爲的存在對美國國家安全構成威脅。

Last year, the Australian government prevented Huawei from working on the rollout of the country's high-speed broadband network.

去年，澳大利亞政府阻止華爲參與該國推出的高速寬帶網絡建設。

Huawei, which was founded in 1987 by Ren Zhengfei, a former officer of the People's Liberation Army, describes itself as a private, employee-owned company and denies direct links to the Chinese government or military. It operates in more than 140 countries and employs more than 150,000 people.

華爲1987年由曾在中國軍隊服役的任正非創立。該公司將自己描述爲一家民營且由員工所有的企業，否認自己同中國政府或軍方存在直接關聯。該公司在140多個國家運營，僱員總數超過15萬人。

But the U.K. report─parts of which were also redacted─said there was a 'lack of clarity about its financial structures.'

但英國議會該委員會出具的這份報告（報告部分內容也經過修訂）說，華爲的財務結構不清晰。

'Moreover, Huawei's denial of links to the Chinese State is surprising, given that such links to the State are considered normal in China,' it said.

此外，報告說，華爲否認自己同中國政府存在聯繫令人驚訝，因爲企業和政府之間存在這種聯繫的現象在中國非常普遍。

'We are not convinced that there has been any improvement since then in terms of an effective procedure for considering foreign investment in the critical national infrastructure,' the report said. It added that the difficulty of balancing economic competitiveness and national security had resulted in a stalemate.

報告說：我們並不認爲在此之後，在制定有效程序審查國家重要基礎設施的外國投資方面有任何改善。報告補充說，在經濟競爭力與國家安全之間尋找平衡的困難導致了僵局的出現。

In response, the government said that there are 'security risks inherent to any sophisticated telecommunications network and system,' but insisted that the vetting process had been improved and updated since 2005.

作爲迴應，英國政府說，任何複雜的電信網絡和系統都不可避免存在安全風險，但政府堅持說，審查程序自2005年以來已經被改進和升級。

'We now have governance structures and working practices in place which address these risks, including supply chain threats to the telecommunications infrastructure specifically, and escalation of decision-making processes as necessary.' a spokesman for the government said.

英國政府的一名發言人說：我們現在有相應的管理結構和具體的工作方式來應對這些風險，包括電信基礎設施特有的供應鏈威脅；我們的決策程序也進行了必要的升級。

Huawei issued a statement saying it was willing to work with all governments in a completely open and transparent manner to reduce risks to cybersecurity.

華爲發佈了一份聲明，稱願意以完全公開透明的方式與各國政府合作，以減小網絡安全風險。

'We have always committed to creating value for the economy, working closely with the U.K. government and our meet their requirements,' it said.

華爲在聲明中說：我們一直承諾爲經濟創造價值，與英國政府及我們的客戶密切合作……滿足他們的需求。

The committee also raised concerns about Huawei-run Cybersecurity Evaluation Centre─a testing system established in the U.K. in 2010 to monitor any risk Huawei poses to security, known as the Cell.

委員會還表達了對華爲運營的網絡安全評估中心(Cybersecurity Evaluation Centre)的擔憂。這個測試系統於2010年在英國建立，旨在監測華爲對安全構成的風險，也被稱爲Cell。

It 'strongly recommended' that the staff in the Cell be replaced by government security staff. It also called for the country's top security adviser, Sir Kim Darroch, to conduct an urgent review to determine why it is operating at a reduced capacity in terms of staff and remit, and whether it will be able to provide the level of security assurance required.

報告強烈建議用政府的安全人員代替Cell的工作人員。報告還呼籲英國最高安全顧問達羅克(Kim Darroch)進行一次緊急評估，以確定爲何Cell的工作人員和職能都在減少，以及它是否能夠提供所需的安全保障級別。

Huawei responded by calling the Cell one of the most advanced in the cybersecurity field globally.

華爲迴應說，Cell是全球網絡安全領域最先進的系統之一。

One of its biggest British customers, BT, said it tests 'third party equipment both before and after deployment to ensure there are no vulnerabilities,' and that no risks had been found.

華爲在英國最大的客戶之一英國電信公司(BT Group PLC)說，爲了確保不存在缺陷，該公司在部署第三方設備前後都會對其進行測試，並表示沒有發現風險。

'Our testing regime enables us to enjoy constructive relationships with many suppliers across the globe,' it said. 'One of these is Huawei with whom we have had a long and constructive relationship since 2005.'

英國電信公司說：我們的測試系統使我們得以與全球許多供應商保持建設性的關係，包括華爲。我們與華爲自從2005年以來一直保持着長期的、建設性的關係。

Other European countries have expressed concerns but generally don't have outright bans. In France for instance, telecommunications executives say that the government generally discourages them from buying Chinese equipment for the core of their networks, but not for cellphone base stations and radio equipment.

其他歐洲國家曾經表達過擔憂，但是基本上沒有發出明確的禁令。比如，法國電信行業的一些高管說，政府基本上不鼓勵他們購買中國設備用於網絡的核心部分，但是不包括手機基站和無線電設備。

Huawei and its Chinese competitor ZTE Corp -1.26% . accounted for 23% of wireless-network spending in 2012 in Europe, Middle East and Africa, up from just 6.8% in 2007, according to the market-research firm Infonetics.

根據市場研究公司Infonetics的數據，歐洲、中東和非洲2012年的無線網絡支出中，華爲和中國競爭對手中興(ZTE Corp.)佔了23%，相比之下，2007年的這一比例僅爲6.8%。

The EU is investigating whether the Chinese government is providing unfair subsidies to Huawei and ZTE, which could have allowed the companies to sell into the European market at unfair prices.

歐盟正在調查中國政府是否向華爲和中興提供不正當的補貼。這些補貼能夠使這兩家公司以不合理的價格在歐洲市場銷售產品。

Huawei and ZTE have denied any dumping practices or receiving illegal state subsidies.

華爲和中興否認有任何傾銷行爲，也否認獲得過不正當的政府補貼。

Huawei had held up its cooperation with the British government as a model. Last year Huawei said it would invest £1.3 billion ($2 billion) in the U.K. and add 500 jobs to its workforce in the country.

華爲曾經將其與英國政府的合作樹立爲典範。華爲去年表示，將向英國投資13億英鎊（約合20億美元），並在英國新增500個工作崗位。

It also counts John Suffolk, former chief information officer for the U.K. government as its global cybersecurity officer. In a report written last fall, Mr. Suffolk called for increased regulation and greater cooperation between Huawei and governments of concerned countries.

華爲還聘請了英國政府的前首席信息官員薩福克(John Suffolk)擔任全球網絡安全主管。薩福克在去年秋天撰寫的一份報告中呼籲加強監管，擴大華爲與相關國家政府之間的合作。