美國國務院人權報告指中俄威脅全球穩定

The Trump administration on Friday labeled Russia and China threats to global stability, saying that their poor human rights records put the countries, the United States’ principle strategic rivals, in the same ranks as Iran and North Korea.

特朗普政府週五給美國主要的戰略競爭對手俄羅斯和中國貼上了威脅全球穩定的標籤，稱兩國糟糕的人權記錄讓它們淪落到伊朗和朝鮮的行列。

“The Russian government continues to quash dissent and civil society even while it invades its neighbors and undermines the sovereignty of Western nations,” the acting secretary of state, John J. Sullivan, said in brief remarks as the State Department released its annual report on global human rights in 2017.

在美國國務院發佈2017年全球人權年度報告時，代理國務卿約翰·J·沙利文(John J. Sullivan)發表簡短講話稱，“在侵略鄰國、暗中顛覆西方國家主權的同時，俄羅斯政府繼續壓制不同政見和公民社會。”

The government report, mandated by Congress, catalogs human rights problems around the world, offering an encyclopedic accounting of government-sponsored murders, forced sterilizations and other egregious acts.

這份由國會授權的政府報告對世界各地的人權問題進行了編目，像百科全書似的統計了政府支持的謀殺、強制絕育和其他惡劣行爲。

Mr. Sullivan listed a number of atrocities committed last year, including the slaughter of Syrians by the government of President Bashar al-Assad, the massacres of the Rohingya minority in Myanmar and the continued repression of North Koreans under their leader, Kim Jong-un.

沙利文列舉了去年發生的多起暴行，包括敘利亞總統巴沙爾·阿薩德(Bashar al-Assad)領導的政府屠殺敘利亞民衆、緬甸少數民族羅辛亞人遭受的大屠殺，以及朝鮮領導人金正恩對該國民衆的持續鎮壓。

“Promoting human rights and the idea that every person has inherent dignity is a core element of this administration’s foreign policy,” Mr. Sullivan said. “It also strengthens U.S. national security by fostering greater peace, stability and prosperity around the world.”

“促進人權和人人享有與生俱來的尊嚴的理念，是本屆政府外交政策的核心內容，”沙利文說。“政府還通過促進全世界的和平、穩定和繁榮來加強美國的國家安全。”

Last year pointed to a decided slide toward authoritarianism, but Mr. Sullivan said there were some bright spots, including in Uzbekistan, Liberia and Mexico.

去年是明確無誤地滑向威權主義的一年，但沙利文說也有一些亮點，包括烏茲別克斯坦、利比里亞和墨西哥。

The report this year, the first written entirely during the Trump administration, underwent significant alterations that reflected the change in administrations.

今年的報告出現了顯著的變化，它們反映了聯邦政府的更替，是首份完全在特朗普政府治下完成的人權報告。

John Sifton, an advocacy director at Human Rights Watch, said the Trump administration strengthened the report’s criticisms of countries it considers rivals while muting anything directed at nations it considered friendly.

人權觀察組織(Human Rights Watch)的宣傳主管約翰·西夫頓(John Sifton)說，特朗普政府在報告中加強了對被它視爲競爭對手的國家的批評，同時緩和了針對被它視爲友好國家的一切言論。

“Those kind of changes make the report seem less fair and thus less credible around the world,” Mr. Sifton said.

“這種變化使報告顯得不那麼公平，因而在全球範圍內也不那麼可信，”西夫頓說。

An entire section that last year was titled “Reproductive Rights” was renamed “Coercion in Population Control,” with much of the text, including most references to the availability of birth control, eliminated.

去年題爲“生育權”的整個章節改名爲“人口控制中的脅迫”，很多內容遭到刪除，包括大量提到生育控制可能性的地方。

Another section that had been labeled “Israel and the Occupied Territories” was retitled “Israel, Golan Heights, West Bank and Gaza.” The word “occupied” was largely eliminated from the text.

另一個之前名爲“以色列和佔領區”的章節改名爲“以色列、戈蘭高地、約旦河西岸和加沙”。報告中基本上沒有出現“佔領”這個詞。

The news media in Israel reported last year that David Friedman, the American ambassador to the country, had asked the State Department to stop using the word “occupation” when referring to the territories, and he has said publicly that settlements in the West Bank are part of Israel.

去年，以色列的新聞媒體報道稱，美國駐該國大使戴維·弗裏德曼(David Friedman)要求美國國務院在提到相關地區時停止使用“佔領”這個詞，並公開稱約旦河西岸的定居點是以色列的一部分。

The United States has referred to the West Bank as “occupied” for decades. Heather Nauert, the department’s spokeswoman, said in January that the Trump administration had not changed its policy regarding the term “occupied territories.” But in her remarks at the time, she carefully avoided using the word “occupied,” and on Friday, she and other officials declined to answer repeated questions about the word’s almost complete banishment from the report.

美國用“佔領”來形容約旦河西岸已有幾十年歷史。美國國務院發言人希瑟·諾爾特(Heather Nauert)在1月稱，特朗普政府沒有改變有關“佔領區”這個說法的政策。但發表此番言論時，她小心翼翼地避免使用“佔領”這個詞。週五，她和其他官員多次拒絕回答有關這個詞幾乎從報告中徹底消失的問題。

As in previous versions, the report identifies problems in 194 nations while excluding the United States, an omission that has long prompted foreign countries to cry hypocrisy.

和以前的報告一樣，今年的報告指出了194個國家的問題，但不包括美國。長期以來，把美國排除在外的做法導致外國高呼報告虛僞。

Asked whether this year’s frequent descriptions of news media suppression might be considered particularly problematic in light of President Trump’s musings to reconsider libel laws and penchant for dismissing critical coverage as “fake news,” officials drew a strong line between insulting journalists and killing or jailing them.

在被問及鑑於特朗普總統在重新考慮誹謗法並且喜歡把重要的報道說成是“假新聞”，今年這樣頻繁描述新聞媒體遭受鎮壓會不會被認爲有問題時，官員們明確地區分了辱罵記者和殺害或關押記者的不同。

“I think the report is very clear about the kind of things that we consider to be inappropriate restrictions on freedom of the media,” said Michael G. Kozak, an ambassador and the senior official in the State Department’s bureau of democracy, human rights and labor. He added that journalists in Cuba “also get called names, but if it were limited to that, they’d be pretty happy as compared to the situation they’re in now.”

“我認爲報告對那些在我們看來，是對媒體自由不當限制的行爲表述得非常清楚，”國務院民主、人權和勞工事務局高級官員邁克爾·G·科扎克(Michael G. Kozak)大使說道。他接着表示，古巴的記者“也會被罵，但如果僅限於此，和現在的處境相比他們會非常高興”。

Rob Berschinski, senior vice president for policy at Human Rights First, said that in choosing to almost exclusively single out rival nations to the United States, Mr. Sullivan had given critics an easy means of dismissing the report.

人權第一(Human Rights First)負責政策事務的高級副主席羅伯特·G·博斯欽斯基(Robert G. Berschinski)說，沙利文選擇幾乎是把美國的競爭對手單挑出來的做法，讓批評者輕而易舉就能反駁這份報告。

“This administration has taken selective criticism to a new level,” Mr. Berschinski said. “The result is a further weakening of America’s moral legitimacy when it talks about supporting human dignity overseas.”

“本屆政府把有選擇性的批評上升到了新水平，”博斯欽斯基說。“結果是，談到在海外支持人類尊嚴時，美國在道德上的正當性進一步被削弱。”

Last year, former Secretary of State Rex W. Tillerson chose to skip the announcement of the report, leading to widespread criticism that the administration was signaling a lack of concern.

去年，前國務卿雷克斯·W·蒂勒森(Rex W. Tillerson)選擇不參加報告的發佈，引發了外界的廣泛批評，認爲這表明特朗普政府對人權問題缺乏關心。