法國總統的反恐時刻 Frances unlikely commander in chief
At 9.47pm on Friday November 13, French striker Olivier Giroud scored the first goal in a friendly football match against Germany. The supporters of Les Bleus in the Stade de France roared with delight — all except for Hollande.
11月13日週五晚上九點四十七分，法國中鋒奧利維耶吉魯(Olivier Giroud)在法德足球友誼賽中踢進了第一個球。法蘭西體育場(Stade de France)內的“藍衣軍團”支持者們高興地歡呼起來，除了法國總統弗朗索瓦攠朗德( Hollande)以外。
The French president, who had gone to the game with Frank-Walter Steinmeier, German foreign minister, had just been told two terrorists had detonated explosive belts outside the stadium — the first suicide bombers to hit France. Early reports of shootings in central Paris suggested co-ordinated attacks of a scale greater than those on satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo and a Jewish supermarket in January.
與德國外長弗蘭克-瓦爾特施泰因邁爾(Frank-Walter Steinmeier)一起前往法蘭西體育場看球的奧朗德剛剛被告知，兩名恐怖分子在球場外引爆炸彈——這是針對法國的首起自殺性炸彈襲擊。早些時候巴黎中部槍擊事件的報道表明，這是一起協同襲擊事件，規模超過今年1月份針對諷刺漫畫雜誌《查理週刊》(Charlie Hebdo)和猶太人超市的襲擊事件。
Mr Hollande decided to keep crowd and players unaware of the unfolding atrocities, according to a person who was with him. The gates would be discreetly locked and fans herded on to the pitch after the game. The decision prevented further carnage: a third terrorist was waiting outside to blow himself up. In the end he killed no one but himself.
據當時和奧朗德在一起的人士透露，奧朗德決定不要讓觀衆和球員知道正在發生的恐怖襲擊。大門將被小心翼翼地鎖上，球迷們在比賽結束後被聚集到球場上。該決定阻止了進一步的殺戮：第三名恐怖分子正等在外面準備引爆自己身上的炸彈。最終他除了自己以外沒有殺死任何人。
The president rushed back to the centre of Paris. By the time he entered the situation room in the basement of the interior ministry, he had decided to impose a state of emergency. “It’s an act of war perpetrated by a terrorist army,” he said in a televised address, using rhetoric reminiscent of US president George W Bush’s term, the “war on terror”, which he first used in the run-up to the invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan.
奧朗德匆忙返回巴黎市中心。到進入內政部地下戰情室的時候，他決定宣佈法國進入緊急狀態。他在電視講話中表示：“這是一場由恐怖主義軍隊實施的戰爭行爲。”他的措辭令人想起美國前總統小布什(George W Bush)的“反恐戰爭”——小布什在入侵伊拉克和阿富汗前夕首次使用了“反恐戰爭”一詞。
The Paris terrorist attacks — the deadliest in France’s history — have tested Mr Hollande’s leadership skills for the second time this year. Unpopular at home, struggling to rekindle growth in the eurozone’s second-largest economy and unable to bring unemployment down from record highs, he has risen to the challenge. With the fight against terrorism, he has found a way to show his resolve as commander-in-chief.
巴黎恐怖襲擊事件是法國曆史上傷亡人數最多的襲擊事件，它是今年對奧朗德領導能力的第二次考驗。奧朗德在國內的支持率欠佳，他難以讓歐元區第二大經濟體恢復增長，也無法將創歷史新高的失業率降下來，現在他奮力面對新的挑戰。在針對恐怖主義的打擊中，他設法展示了作爲三軍統帥的果斷。
“There’s the man who is indecisive on the economic front, whose rebellious MPs hinder his reform programme, and who is forced into political compromises; and there is the man who acts with determination on security and foreign policy issues,” says Dominique , adviser to the Institut des Relations Internationales.
法國國際關係研究所(Institut des Relations Internationales)顧問多米尼克莫伊西(Dominique )表示：“這個人在經濟戰線上優柔寡斷，改革計劃遭到桀驁不馴的議員們阻擾，還被迫在政治上妥協。同時這個人果斷地在安全和外交政策事宜上採取行動。”
Two days after at least nine extremists killed 129 concertgoers, passers-by and bar customers (the toll has risen to 130), Mr Hollande sent 10 jets to bomb the Syrian city of Raqqa, stronghold of Isis, the militant Islamist group that has claimed responsibility for the assaults. He vowed to “crush” the organisation.
在至少9名極端分子殺死129名音樂會觀衆、路人和酒吧顧客（遇難人數現在已升至130人）的兩天後，奧朗德派遣10架戰機轟炸了敘利亞的拉卡(Raqqa)，後者是宣稱對此次襲擊事件負責的激進伊斯蘭組織“伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯蘭國”(ISIS)的據點。他誓言要“摧毀”ISIS。
“It’s the true Hollande that has been revealed,” says Jack Lang, a former Socialist culture minister and a longtime friend. “You can’t change the economy by pressing a button, whereas a foreign policy is decided by a small group of people.”
法國國會社會黨(Socialist)議員、前文化部部長、奧朗德的長期密友賈克朗(Jack Lang)表示：“這揭示出一個真正的弗朗索瓦攠朗德。你不能按下一個按鈕就改變經濟，然而外交政策由一小羣人決定。”
Mr Hollande makes an unlikely war leader. The 61-year-old started life in the quiet Normandy city of Rouen — his father a doctor with far-right leanings, his mother a social worker — before the family moved to Paris. After graduating from business school, like many career politicians he studied at Nationale d’Administration. There he met Ségolène Royal, now energy minister, with whom he has four children. In office, his complicated private life has provided much fodder for the tabloids.
奧朗德看上去並不像一位戰爭領導人。這位現年61歲的總統出生在寧靜的諾曼底魯昂市，他的父親是一位有着極右翼傾向的醫生，他的母親是一位社會工作者，後來他們家搬到了巴黎。在從商學院畢業後，與許多職業政客一樣，他前往國家行政學院( Nationale d’Administration)求學。他在那裏遇到了現任能源部長塞戈萊納圠驛爾(Ségolène Royal)，兩人育有4個孩子。在擔任總統期間，奧朗德複雜的私生活爲小報提供了大量素材。
As he rose through the Socialist party he joined at 25, he developed an interest in the economy and social-democrat leanings. As first secretary for more than a decade, his job was to reconcile a fractious party. He is not without personal charm, cordial in public, with a ready quip — even in the midst of the crisis, when awarding the Légion d’honneur to a friend, recounts Mr Lang.
奧朗德在25歲加入社會黨，隨着在黨內地位的上升，他逐漸對經濟產生興趣並發展出社會民主傾向。他擔任了十多年的第一書記，工作是在難以駕馭的社會黨內協調事務。賈克朗表示，他並非沒有個人魅力，在公衆面前熱情友好，妙語連出，即便在危機期間也是如此——他將榮譽軍團勳章授予一位朋友，給他造成了危機。
When elected in 2012, he lacked foreign experience. “He hasn’t travelled much, international affairs never interested him,” says Professor Laurent Bouvet of Versailles university. “But... hasn’t hesitated to use the outsized powers granted by the French constitution to the head of state. For instance, he can launch air strikes in Syria without parliamentary approval.”
在2012年當選法國總統的時候，奧朗德缺乏外交經驗。凡爾賽大學(Versailles university)教授勞倫特布維(Laurent Bouvet)表示：“他沒有去過很多地方，也從來不對國際事務感興趣。但……他在動用法國憲法授予國家元首的巨大權力時不曾猶豫。比如，他可以在不需取得議會批准的情況下對敘利亞發動空襲。”
He is often regarded as a soft, uncharismatic leader with an aversion to drastic decisions, yet he has launched more military operations than any other French president . In January 2013, he sent 2,500 troops to Mali to eradicate Islamists in the north. He is now spearheading a rapprochement with Russian president Vladimir Putin with a view to building a grand coalition to intensify the fight against Isis in the Middle East.
他通常被視爲一個溫和、缺乏魅力的領導人，不願做出激烈的決定，然而他發起的軍事行動比其他任何一位法國總統都多。在2013年1月，他向馬裏派遣了2500名士兵以消滅馬裏北部的伊斯蘭極端分子。他現在帶頭與俄羅斯總統弗拉基米爾渠京(Vladimir Putin)恢復友好關係，目的是建立一個大聯盟以加強對中東ISIS的打擊。
The operations have so far been successful, although also risky. Special forces are still operating in northern Mali; on Friday they were deployed when Islamist gunmen stormed a Bamako hotel full of expatriates.
這些軍事行動迄今取得了成功，儘管它們的風險也很大。特種部隊仍在馬裏北部行動，上週五，當伊斯蘭槍手向巴馬科一家住滿外籍人士的酒店發動襲擊的時候，特種部隊被調往那裏。
Mr Hollande, eyeing a second term in 2017, may benefit from the crisis politically. Regional elections next month — in which Marine Le Pen, the anti-immigration politician, had been expected to make gains — will provide the first test of his popularity after the tragedy.
奧朗德有意在2017年連任總統，他可能在政治上受益於此次危機。下月舉行的大區選舉將在此次悲劇發生後第一次測試他的支持率——此前預計反對移民的政客馬琳勒龐(Marine Le Pen)會在選舉中獲得優勢。
As in January, after the Charlie Hebdo assault, there are signs the French back their leader: three-quarters approve of his handling of the crisis, according to a poll in Le Parisien. There are also signs his advisers seek to milk this renewed popularity: Gaspard Gantzer, the Elysée’s communications chief, tweeted the poll results as police were mounting an assault on Islamists in an apartment in the Paris suburb of Saint Denis.
正如今年1月《查理週刊》遇襲事件發生之後一樣，有跡象表明法國人支持他們的領導人：《巴黎人報》(Le Parisien)的民調顯示，四分之三的民衆認可他對危機的處理方式。還有跡象表明，他的顧問們尋求利用他新獲得的人氣：在警方向躲在巴黎市郊聖-德尼(Saint-Denis)的一間公寓裏的伊斯蘭分子發起攻擊的時候，愛麗捨宮的新聞主管加斯帕爾甘策(Gaspard Gantzer)在Twitter上公佈了此次民調結果。
“This resolve allows him to reassert his presidential stature,” Mr Bouvet says. “As always with Hollande, the politics is never far away.”
布維表示：“這種果斷讓他可以再次角逐總統寶座。弗朗索瓦攠朗德總是這樣，政治無處不在。”
