猶太人在法國有未來嗎?

There is no future for Jews in France as long as Europeans refuse to confront the tacit acceptance of violence by many of the continent's Muslims.

只要歐洲人一天拒絕面對他們對其大陸上衆多穆斯林的暴力行徑聽之任之的態度，在法國的猶太人就沒有未來。

That an assault on Jews would follow an assault on cartoonists came as no surprise. Indeed, there was a grim, if not explicitly expressed, foreboding in the aftermath of Thursday's attacks on the French satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo that the Jews would come next. For satirists and Jews are markers of modernity, and it is modernity that the Islamists who committed these heinous atrocities detest most. It was tragically fitting, then, that one of their first victims would have been Ahmed Merabet, a French Muslim police officer posted to guard the offices of Charlie Hebdo. Here, in one horrible act, was the beauty of Western coexistence and secularism over the 7th century hell these monsters want to drag us back: a Muslim police officer giving his life to protect cartoonists who had come under threat for mocking Islam.

在對諷刺漫畫家的襲擊之後，對猶太人的襲擊接踵而至毫不意外。事實上，即便沒有明確的表明，在週四對法國諷刺新聞雜誌查理週刊的襲擊餘波中就已經隱含着某種殘酷的預示，猶太人將成爲恐怖分子的下一個目標。因爲諷刺作家和猶太人同爲現代化的標識，而現代化恰恰是那些犯下這些可惡暴行的穆斯林們所最最厭惡的。而接下來，悲劇性的巧合是，在他們殺死的第一批受害者中，有一位正是被派去保護查理週刊的法國穆斯林警官默罕默德馬拉比特。在這樣一場一個穆斯林警察爲了保護因諷刺伊斯蘭教而受到威脅的漫畫家們而獻出生命的恐怖行動中，我們看到了西方共存主義和世俗主義之美，而這些恐怖主義禽獸想將我們拉回到7世紀時期的地獄中去。

The Paris neighborhood of the Marais has long been home to both the city's vibrant gay and Orthodox Jewish communities. A resident of the Marais once playfully told me that, looking out his door every morning, he unfailingly sees “a heavily bearded man dressed in black” on one side and “a heavily bearded man dressed in tighter black” on another - the leather crowd at times indistinguishable from the ultra-religious one. Whatever their many differences, the two groups have co-existed peacefully for decades, lending the Marais a distinct charm and color.

巴黎瑪萊附近的街區一直以來都是這座城市中充滿活力的同性戀者和極端正統的猶太社團的聚集地。一位住在瑪萊區的居民曾開玩笑的告訴我說，每天早上從他的門口向外看去，總能看見一個身着黑衣的大鬍子男人在街的一邊，而另一邊則會看到一個同樣身着黑衣的大鬍子男人，只是他的黑衣是緊身的 - 在這裏那些身着皮衣的同性戀們常常難以同那些極端虔誠的猶太教徒們區分開來。不管這兩個團體之間存在着多少差異，他們在這一地區幾十年來都一直和平相處，這也形成了瑪萊區獨特的魅力和色彩。

Upon hearing about yesterday's events in Paris—the murder of four hostages at a kosher grocery and the subsequent shuttering of Jewish institutions across the city, the gory sequel to Thursday's slaughter of 12 people at Charlie Hebdo offices—my thoughts turned immediately to an evening last September when I was strolling through the Marais' windy and narrow streets. I came across the Notre Dame de Nazareth synagogue, a grand, 19th century building constructed in the Moorish revival style that serves the city's Sephardic Jews, those who come from North Africa.

聽說了昨天發生在巴黎的事件---一家猶太食品店內4名人質被害，隨後城內的猶太機構關閉，週四查理週刊辦公室12名人員被害的血淋漓續集，我的思緒立即回到了去年9月份發生的一件事，當時我正漫步走過瑪黑區狹窄而多風的街道，正好經過拿撒勒的聖母院教堂，這是一座建於19世紀的摩爾式復古風格的大教堂，專爲那些來自北非的西班牙系猶太人服務。

The rabbi happened to be walking out of the synagogue with his wife. After dispensing with the facts of my Jewish background and American citizenship, I promptly asked, "What's the situation?” Our shared patrimony obviated any need for further elaboration; as a European Jew addressing an American one, he knew exactly at what I was aiming. "There is no future for Jews in France," he said.

拉比正巧和他的妻子走出教堂。對我的猶太背景和美國國籍暫且不提，我脫口而問：“情況怎麼樣？”我們骨子裏共同的東西不需要更多的言語解釋，一名歐洲猶太人和一名美國人的對話心有靈犀，他對我的目的心知肚明：“在法國的猶太人沒有未來，”他說。

If the Rabbi is right, and I fear he is, than it means that there is no future for Jews in Europe. For France is home to the continent's largest Jewish community, numbered at over half a million. But it is declining rapidly. Emigration to Israel from France doubled in 2014 from 3,400 to 7,000 people. According to Israel's Ministry of Aliyah and Immigrant Absorption, the number of Jews leaving Western Europe for the Jewish State increased 88 percent last year. These numbers do not fully account for the Jewish flight from Europe, as significant numbers are leaving for America and other lands. This week's events will surely lead to even higher rates of emigration.

如果拉比說得沒錯的話，我恐怕他的意思應該是歐洲的猶太人沒有未來。因爲法國是歐洲大陸的最大猶太社區所在地，猶太人數超過了50萬。但這個數字正在急劇下降。從法國移民到以色列的人數2014年比2013年數量增加了1倍，從3400人增加到了7000人。根據以色列移民吸收部的數據，去年離開西歐前往猶太國家的人口數量增加了88%。這些數字還不包括飛離歐洲的猶太人，因爲大量猶太人去了美國和其它國家。本週的事件將導致移民比率的大幅增加

It is hard to deal with a problem, however, when you studiously avoid naming it. This is a curious characteristic of Europe's anti-Semitism predicament, in which too many are hesitant to identify victims and perpetrators, that is, when they even concede that such categories exist. Writing live from the hostage scene for the Jewish website Tablet yesterday, French journalist Marc Weitzmann noted that, "On TV and on the radio up to this moment, no one—no one—is mentioning or discussing that the hostages are Jews. No one. It's strange."

當你故意避免提到某個問題時，問題更加難以解決。這是歐洲反猶太主義困境的一個令人好奇的特點，在這裏太多人不願意指出受害者和肇事者，即使他們承認這類人的存在。昨天爲猶太網站Tablet現場報道人質現場的法國記者馬克·威茲曼注意到：“至今電視和廣播媒體沒人，一個人也沒有，提到或者議論說人質是猶太人。一個人也沒有，這太奇怪了。

Weitzmann then shared this chilling anecdote regarding the attack on Charlie Hebdo. "I spoke to a person who teaches history in a high school in one of the suburban Cités," Weitzmann wrote. "He told me that this is a complete disaster. Teachers are afraid to mention the events. He told me that in his school, students are asking to debate the massacre—and they are justifying it. Thirteen-year-olds, 14-year-olds saying, 'You shouldn't insult the Prophet. The killing is justified.'"

威茲曼把關於這次襲擊事件的令人心寒的故事分享到了《查理週刊》。“我與一名巴黎市郊的高中歷史教師交談過，”， 威茲曼寫道：“他說這完全是一個災難。教師們不敢提及這些事件。他告訴我在他所在的學校，學生們要求討論屠殺事件，他們認爲這是正當的。13,4歲的孩子們都說，'你們不能侮辱先知。屠殺是伸張正義'。”

Rather than focus on alarming views that appear to be prevalent among young French Muslims, many in the media would rather talk about the inevitable “backlash” that Muslims will endure. Concomitant with nearly every story about jihadism in Europe is a warning about the far right taking political advantage of the situation.

很多媒體人不是把焦點集中在年輕的法國穆斯林當中流行的一些令人堪憂的想法上，他們寧肯討論穆斯林所要忍受的不可避免的“反擊”。 在歐洲跟隨每一次聖戰後而來的都是對極右翼利用政治形勢的警告。

As if by rote, The New York Times could not help but insert early into its story about yesterday's terror that the events "set off soul-searching about the integration of Muslims in France's impoverished immigrant suburbs." But it is not French assimilation policies (or the lack thereof) that are to blame for this week's deadly acts. There are plenty of "impoverished immigrants" all over the world who do not condone, never mind perpetrate, acts of violence over cartoons. And 72 peecent of French people, according to Pew Research, have a "favorable" impression of Muslims, putting the lie to the claim that France is "Islamophobic."

紐約時報在對昨天恐怖襲擊的報道前面按部就班的插入道，這次事件引發了人們對於穆斯林在法國郊外貧困移民區的融合性問題的深思。但本週的致命事件並不應該歸咎於法國的民族融合政策（或其缺乏）。世界各地有許多貧困移民，他們不會寬恕因漫畫而引發的暴力行爲，更別提他們自己會去做這樣的事情了。根據Pew研究機構的調查，法國72%的民衆表示對穆斯林仍抱"積極正面"的態度，這表明法國有“伊斯蘭恐懼症”的說法是一個謊言。

What's responsible for this week's murders in France is the same thing that's responsible for the murder of some 2,000 innocent people in Nigeria, and over 100 students in Peshawar: violent Islamism. It is an ideology that is to blame, an ideology that is embraced by millions of people, many of whom have no intention of committing violence against infidels, heretics and other enemies of the faith but nonetheless tacitly condone it. And it is this ideology—not a phantom neo-Nazism—that is driving today's Jews out of Europe.

本週法國謀殺案的元兇與謀害尼日利亞近2000名無辜民衆和白沙瓦100多名學生的元兇相同：即暴力伊斯蘭主義。因此我們要譴責的是一種意識形態，一種爲千萬民衆所接受的意識形態，而接受的這些人中，大多數並無意對不信教者或異教徒或任何其信仰上得敵人施加暴力，相反他們選擇默默地寬恕。將當今的猶太人一步步趕出歐洲的正是這樣一種意識形態，而不是所謂的新納粹主義幽靈。

"The Jewish community feels itself on the edge of a seething volcano," says Shimon Samuels, the Paris-based Director of International Relations for the Simon Wiesenthal Center. "A culture of excuse exonerates the perpetrators as 'disaffected, alienated, frustrated, unemployed.' No other group of frustrated unemployed has resorted to such behavior. Until politicians and media define the problem as jidahism remote-controlled from mosques in France and not only the Middle-East the cancer will not be isolated and destroyed."

“猶太人社區感覺自己正坐在即將噴發的火山上，“西蒙·維森塔爾中心在巴黎的國際關係主任Shimon Samuels說。”寬恕的文化認爲這些人是“憤憤不平的，被疏遠的，失意的和失業的，所以才犯下了這些罪行。”但是其他失業的和失意的人羣並沒有訴諸這種暴力行爲。除非政治家和媒體將這些問題定義爲從法國清鎮市裏遠程控制的聖戰行爲，不僅僅從中東進行遠程控制，否則我們將無法隔絕和摧毀這個癌症。

The longer this unwillingness to name and confront the problem goes on, the more succor well meaning elites inadvertently lend to those who would paint the world's Muslims with one single, simple, bigoted, broad brush. Yes, extreme right parties like France's National Front will likely benefit from the events of this week. But their rise has been fostered as much by the unwillingness of many mainstream politicians, on both left and right, to speak clearly about the challenges facing France on this front. This failure on the part of responsible political leaders has allowed irresponsible voices—like the National Front's Marinne Le Pen—to fill the void.

越是長時間的不去面對這些問題，那麼善意的精英們就會在不經意間向那些抹黑全世界穆斯林的人提供更多的幫助。是的，像法國國民陣線這樣的極端右翼團體可能會從本週的事件中獲得好處。但是該團體的崛起在很大程度上還受到了很多主流政治家的支持，因爲這些主流政治家（不管是左翼還是右翼）不願意就法國在這方面所遇到的問題發出清晰的聲音。正是因爲這些政治家沒有發出自己的聲音，所以才讓不負責任的聲音有了可乘之機，比如國民陣線的Marinne Le Pen。

Things will get worse, before, or even if, they get better. "Unfortunately, it looks like the calm before the storm," the Wiesenthal Center's Samuels writes. As I read the grim headlines from Paris, I was reminded of another encounter in another European city, Berlin, specifically at the Opernplatz where the Nazis staged one of their most infamous book burnings in 1933. One of the authors whose works they incinerated was the great German poet, Heinrich Heine, whose epigraph now lines a memorial marking this historically ominous event: "That was but a prelude; where they burn books, they will ultimately burn people as well." And where they drive out and kill Jews, they will ultimately drive out and kill you, too.

在事情好轉之前局勢可能會變得更糟.”不幸的是,這好像是暴風雨前的平靜” 維森塔爾中心(一個爲了紀念在第二次世界大戰中被納粹殺害的猶太人而成立的國際人權組織)的塞繆爾寫道,當我看到巴黎的可怕的消息時,我想到發生在歐洲的另一個城市柏林的與此相似的的事情,1933年,就在柏林的倍倍爾廣場上,納粹上演了他最臭名昭著的焚書事件.海因裏希.海涅是德國的一位偉大的詩人,也是作品被燒者中的一員,他的碑文現在是這件不幸的歷史事件的紀念性標誌.”這只是一個前奏,哪裏燒書的地方,最後也會燒人”並且在驅逐並殺害猶太人的地方,他們也會殺死你們。