張軍社：中美兩軍關係需防遏華思維作梗
中美兩軍關係需防遏華思維作梗
Cold War Mentality Should Be Abandoned When It Comes to China-US Military Ties
張軍社
Zhang Junshe
6月3日至5日，第十五屆香格里拉對話會在新加坡召開。約600名各國防務部門和軍隊領導人及專家學者，就地區安全形勢以及共同關心的重大安全議題，坦承發表看法。中美關係特別是兩軍關係依然是大會代表關注的重點。
The military relationship between China and the U.S. dominated discussion during the 15th Shangri-la Dialogue, which kicked off last Friday in ng the three-day summit, about 600 military chiefs and officials, as well as experts and scholars from around 30 different countries, gathered in Singapore to discuss regional security and other related topics.
美國國防部長卡特在4日香格里拉對話會上作主旨演講時聲稱，在亞太地區各國加強合作的背景下，中國正在建造“自我孤立的長城”。卡特的這番說辭，顯然無視整個亞太地區的基本事實，讓人想起了冷戰思維。作爲美軍僅次於總統的實際領導者，卡特的這種思維顯然無助於發展中美兩軍關係。
In a keynote speech delivered on Saturday, U.S. Defense Secretary Ashton Carter said China could end up erecting a “Great Wall of self-isolation.” His remarks were received by many people as a nod to the Cold War mentality. As a senior U.S. official, Carter’s mindset is doing no favors for the productive development of China-U.S. relations.
一個健康穩定的兩軍關係，對中美兩國關係的發展具有重要影響。中美兩國構建新型大國關係，需要發展與其相適應的新型兩軍關係。自2013年兩國元首安納伯格莊園會晤後的3年來，中美兩軍關係總體呈現出良好發展勢頭。
A healthy and stable military relationship plays a big role in bilateral ties, so this type of Cold War thinking is not helpful as the two sides strive to improve their relations. Since Chinese and American heads of state met at the Annenberg Estate three years ago, bilateral military relations have had decent momentum.
兩軍在推進建立重大軍事行動相互通報機制和制定海空相遇安全行爲準則方面取得重大進展，在互信機制建設上邁出了歷史性一步。務實交流與合作進展比較順利，尤其在高層交往、機制性對話與磋商、中青年軍官交流、聯演聯訓等方面不斷取得新進展。特別是2014年中國軍隊首次應邀參加美國海軍主導的“環太平洋”多國軍演，實現兩軍交往史上的重大突破。中國海軍5艘艦船今年將再次參加美國海軍主導的“環太”演習，科目也將有所增加。
For example, the two countries established a mutual report mechanism for major military actions, and formulated the Rules of Behavior for Safety of Air and Maritime Encounters. These measures represent a historic step forward in the development of mutual 2014, the Chinese navy was invited to join the Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) naval drill, which is organized by the U.S. navy, for the first time. Five Chinese navy fleets will join RIMPAC again this year. Nevertheless, a lack of mutual trust still hinders the development of a stable military relationship, and the U.S. is the party at fault.
當前，中美兩軍關係依然處於不穩定的狀態中，而影響兩軍關係健康穩定發展的主要原因是雙方缺乏戰略互信。而問題主要出在美國方面：一是美方不願放棄對中國的猜忌與防範，對中國軍隊正常發展抱有偏見，懷疑中國軍力發展的動機與意圖。而事實上，中國比任何時候都需要一個和平穩定的外部環境。中國無意挑戰美國在世界上的地位，中國的發展對美國是機遇而非挑戰；二是美方對中國的核心利益和重大關切沒能完全尊重。長期以來困擾中美兩軍關係發展的三大障礙，即美對臺售武、美艦機抵近偵察和美對華歧視性法律，不僅沒能解決，個別方面反而在最近一個時期更加突出。美軍近期在中國南沙羣島臨近海域和西沙羣島領海內進行所謂的“航行自由”行動，嚴重影響兩軍互信；三是遏華思維在美國政府、軍方、國會和智庫內仍有市場，尤其是冷戰帶給美國的巨大戰略紅利，令一些人對建立在結盟基礎之上的遏制政策情有獨鍾。
First of all, the U.S. is still skeptical of routine Chinese military developments. In addition, the U.S. does not respect China's core interests and concerns. U.S. arms sales to Taiwan, close monitoring by U.S. aircraft and vessels, and discriminatory laws against China have all long hindered China-U.S. ead of solving those problems, the U.S. has taken counterproductive measures. For instance, the recent “freedom of navigation operation” launched by the U.S. near China’s Nansha and Xisha Islands has severely affected mutual military trust. Moreover, some individuals in the U.S. government, military and think tanks are still aiming to contain China. Many of these people are single-mindedly focused on alliance-based containment policies that hark back to the Cold War.
美國和中國分別是世界上最大的發達國家和最大的發展中國家，對世界和平、穩定與繁榮負有共同的責任。落實中美元首達成的共識，延續兩軍關係良好發展勢頭，推動兩軍關係始終沿着健康穩定的軌道向前發展，不僅符合兩國人民根本利益，也是地區和世界多數國家的共同期待。在這次歷時3天“香會”期間，多數國家軍事領導人都表示，不希望看到中美兩軍在地區發生對抗，也不願意在中美之間選邊站隊。
As the largest developing and developed countries, China and the U.S. both shoulder responsibility for peace, stability and prosperity around the world. A sound military relationship is not only in the best interest of the two peoples, it is also important to many other countries. During the three-day Shangri-la Dialogue, a number of leaders expressed dissatisfaction with current relations between China and the U.S., and few were willing to take sides.
中美雙方應以登高望遠的戰略眼光，不被眼前的一己私利矇蔽雙眼，超越對抗，求同存異，互利共贏。寬廣的太平洋有足夠的空間容納中美兩個大國。中美雙方應以兩國元首關於發展兩軍關係的共識爲遵循，本着“尊重、互信、對等、互惠”的原則，妥善處理和管控好各種矛盾和分歧，加強對話，擴大交流與合作，增進相互理解，爲發展健康穩定的兩軍關係而共同努力，爲地區安全和世界和平帶來福音。
China and the U.S. should not be blinded by self-interest. Instead, they should seek common ground and pursue mutually beneficial cooperation. The Pacific Ocean is large enough to accommodate both China and the U.S. As the heads of state of both nations agreed, China and the U.S. should deal with disputes in the spirit of “respect, mutual trust, equality and reciprocity.”Doing so will help to build a sound and stable bilateral military relationship, which will greatly benefit regional and global security.
