FT社評 菲律賓不需要強人總統

His outrageous statements and theatrical behaviour have earned him nicknames like “the punisher”, “Dirty Harry” and the Donald Trump of Asia. But there is nothing comical about the actions of Rodrigo Duterte, the president of the Philippines.

驚人的言論和誇張的行爲，爲羅德里戈•杜特爾特(Rodrigo Duterte)贏得了“懲罰者”、“骯髒的哈里”，還有“亞洲特朗普”等綽號。但這位菲律賓總統的行動一點也不滑稽。

Since his election in May, he has described the ambassador from the US, his country’s staunchest ally, as “the son of a whore”, urged police and the public to slaughter suspected drug addicts and advocated the murder of “corrupt” journalists. Mr Trump’s excesses pale into insignificance compared with the man who is supposed to lead this country of 100m.

自5月當選以來，杜特爾特曾稱美國——菲律賓最堅定的盟友——駐菲大使爲“婊子養的”，鼓勵警方和公衆對販毒嫌疑人“殺無赦”，還提倡謀殺“腐敗”記者。與這位領導1億菲律賓人的總統相比，唐納德•特朗普(Donald Trump)的過分行爲算不上什麼。

In answer to Mr Duterte’s calls for instant justice, an estimated 800 people have been killed by police or vigilantes since his election. More than 600,000 drug dealers and users have turned themselves in rather than risk becoming the victims of extrajudicial killings, piling pressure on a prison system that was already overflowing.

爲響應杜特爾特呼籲的“立即正義”，自他當選以來估計已有800人被警方或自告奮勇的義務警員打死。爲了不成爲法外處決的受害者，60多萬毒販和癮君子向警方自首，令本已人滿爲患的監獄系統壓力倍增。

The vast majority of those killed were hardly kingpins. Many were ordinary addicts from the poorest neighbourhoods. Human rights groups have condemned the murders and politicians have warned the president may face trial in the International Criminal Court in The Hague for crimes against humanity. Perhaps most worrying of all is the fact Mr Duterte is just carrying out the brutal policies he advocated on the campaign trail and which helped him win the election.

在被殺害的人員中，絕大多數不是頭目，許多是來自最貧窮社區的普通吸毒者。人權組織已對這些謀殺行爲予以譴責，政治人士也警告杜特爾特可能因反人類罪受到海牙國際刑事法院(International Criminal Court)審判。或許最令人擔憂的事實是，杜特爾特是在執行他在競選時提出的，並幫助他贏得大選的粗暴政策。

The popularity of his approach is an indictment of his predecessors’ inability to curb corruption, an amphetamine epidemic and a soaring crime rate. But his methods are unlikely to solve any of these problems and will cause lasting damage to his country’s fledgling democratic institutions.

杜特爾特的方式如此廣受擁護，是對其前任無力遏制腐敗、安非他明(amphetamine)氾濫、犯罪率飆升的一個控訴。但他的方法不太可能解決上述任何問題，反而會對菲律賓尚不成熟的民主體制造成長遠損害。

The president has turned his invective on some of these institutions, releasing a list of about 150 judges, mayors, police, military and government officials he says are involved in the illegal drug trade and ordering them to hand themselves in or be hunted down. By cancelling these officials’ weapons permits and in some cases removing their government security details he has tacitly encouraged vigilantes to carry out targeted assassinations of public officials. On top of that, Mr Duterte’s critics have pointed out numerous errors in his list, including cases of mistaken identity and several officials who died or were dismissed years ago.

杜特爾特把其中一些體制內機構納入辱罵範圍，他公佈了一份約150人的名單，其中包括法官、市長、警察、軍人和政府官員。杜特爾特稱這些人蔘與非法毒品交易，命令他們自首，否則將遭到抓捕。取消這些官員的持槍證，在某些情況下甚至撤除他們的官方警衛員，意味着杜特爾特暗中鼓勵自告奮勇者對公職人員進行有針對性的暗殺。這還不算，杜特爾特的批評者指出這份名單存在大量差錯，有些是張冠李戴，多名官員要麼身故，要麼已在多年前被解職。

Another campaign promise the president seems determined to carry out is the burial of former Philippines dictator Ferdinand Marcos in the Heroes Cemetery in Manila. This has prompted angry protests from those opposed to honouring a man accused of the torture and murder of thousands. It is also quickly becoming a symbol of Mr Duterte’s authoritarian instincts. On Monday, he promised to issue more lists of officials he claims are corrupt and must be “purged” and last week he suggested he might introduce martial law. Given the country’s experience under Marcos, this is a serious threat.

杜特爾特似乎還決心兌現另一個競選承諾：將前菲律賓獨裁者費迪南德•馬科斯(Ferdinand Marcos)葬在馬尼拉英雄公墓(Heroes Cemetery)。此舉引發一些人的憤怒抗議，他們反對紀念一個被指刑訊並殺害成千上萬人的獨裁者。此事也迅速成爲杜特爾特威權衝動的一個象徵。週一，杜特爾特承諾將公佈更多官員名單，他稱這些人是貪官污吏，必須被“清除”。上週他還暗示可能出臺戒嚴令。鑑於該國在馬科斯統治時期的遭遇，這是一個嚴重威脅。

Instead of indulging dictatorial fantasies, Mr Duterte should focus on more pressing problems facing his country, which range from a long-running insurgency in the south to dangerous territorial disputes with Beijing in the South China Sea. Meanwhile, other countries, especially the US, should make clear to the president that his disdain for human rights is unacceptable.

與其縱容自己的獨裁幻想，杜特爾特更應專注國家所面臨的更緊迫的問題，包括南方的長期叛亂，以及在南中國海與中國危險的領土爭端。此外，其他國家——尤其是美國——應該向這位總統表明，他對人權的藐視是不可接受的。

Washington has said $32m in aid for law enforcement recently provided to the Philippines is intended to promote human rights, due process and the rule of law. Any further aid should be withheld until Mr Duterte shows he understands what those concepts mean.

美國政府表示近期向菲律賓提供的3200萬美元執法援助資金是爲了促進當地人權、正當法律程序以及法治。在杜特爾特展示他理解這些概念的涵義之前，應該擱置進一步援助。