英美將展開大銀行"破產演習"
Britain and the US will stage the first transatlantic simulation of a crisis in a large bank on Monday. It is a sign of growing confidence that the authorities can now deal with the failure of large institutions.
英國和美國將於下週一以大銀行爆發危機爲內容展開首次跨大西洋模擬實驗。這表明，兩國越來越相信，政府現在有能力應對大銀行破產的問題。
All of the main players who would need to be involved in a failure of a company such as Bank of America, Goldman Sachs, Barclays or HSBC will gather in Washington DC to make sure they would know what to do, who to call and how to inform the public.
包括美國銀行(Bank of America)、高盛(Goldman Sachs)、巴克萊(Barclays)或匯豐(HSBC)在內的所有可能會面臨破產問題的主要參與者將齊聚華盛頓，以確保他們瞭解將採取何種措施、要通知誰以及如何告知公衆。The move reflects the authorities’ view that they are getting close to solving the “too big to fail” problem, even for cross-border banks, outside a full-blown system-wide crisis.
此舉反映出，英美政府認爲，他們正在逐步具備解決“大而不倒”問題（甚至跨國銀行）的能力，不令其演變爲大規模的系統性危機。
George Osborne, UK chancellor, announced that he would be taking part in the “war game” along with Jack Lew, US Treasury secretary, Janet Yellen, head of the Federal Reserve, Mark Carney, Bank of England governor and other senior officials from both countries.
英國財政大臣喬治•奧斯本(George Osborne)宣佈，他將與美國財長傑克•盧(Jack Lew)、美聯儲(Fed)主席珍妮特•耶倫(Janet Yellen)、英國央行(Bank of England)行長馬克•卡尼(Mark Carney)以及來自英美政府的其他高級官員參加這場“戰爭演習”。The simulation will not mimic any particular bank but the authorities will run through the procedures they would follow if a large UK lender with US operations failed and those for a significant US bank with a British presence. Unlike domestic war games held before the financial crisis, Mr Osborne pledged to publicise the results.
此次演練不會模擬某一家銀行的破產情況，但政府將根據下列情形採取措施：假設一家在美國設有業務的英國大銀行或者一家在英國設有業務的美國大銀行破產。與此次金融危機之前進行的國內演練不同，奧斯本承諾這一次將把結果公之於衆。He added that the simulations should reassure taxpayers that it was unlikely the governments would have to bail out banks in future as they had to in the 2008-09 financial crisis.
他補充稱，此次演練應讓納稅人相信，未來政府不太可能像2008年至2009年金融危機那樣不得不對大銀行進行紓困。Asked whether the war game could come close to simulating the stresses in a real crisis, the chancellor admitted that the exercise was not trying to recreate such an event in real time. “It is an opportunity to make sure our different, but similar, domestic arrangements work.”
在被問及此次演練能否模擬真實危機中的壓力時，奧斯本承認，演習不是要模擬真實的情形。“而是要創造機會，確保讓兩國不同卻發揮相似功能的國內安排發揮作用。”Mr Osborne said the purpose of the exercise was to make sure every player, including politicians, knew their responsibilities and who needed to act; which creditors would have to take a hit; and how to communicate the authorities’ actions to the public.
奧斯本表示，此次演練的目的是確保所有參與者（包括政治人士）都瞭解各自的責任，知道誰需要採取行動；哪些債權人將不得不遭受損失；以及如何向公衆告知政府的措施。The war game comes at the start of a series of international events in banking regulation including new stress tests for British and European banks this month and the G20 summit in November, which faces a deadline to come up with durable proposals to end the too-big-to-fail problems.
此次演練正值銀行業監管領域一系列全球性活動的開始——英國和歐洲的銀行本月要啓動新的壓力測試，20國集團(G20)11月將召開峯會，G20正面臨最後期限，就解決“大而不倒”問題提出經得起考驗的提案。
