誰纔是最佳僱主？

What makes an ideal employer for white-collar employees has changed over the years, a report found.

The factors in this changing perception are not all strictly work-related as inflation, general welfare and high property prices also play a role, the report jointly released by and Beijing University's Institute of Social Science Survey showed.

The annual report was published on Dec 13, together with a list of what are considered to be the top 30 best employers in China.

The survey conducted interviews in 2,132 companies in 17 industries, mostly in first- and second-tier cities.

"Compared with two years ago, white-collar workers are not just focused on high salaries but want more of a welfare package," said Zhu Hongyan, a senior career consultant at , one of the country's biggest job-hunting websites.

"They also care more about whether they can get respect, and enjoy good working relationships in the office, rather than simply promotion opportunities, as in the past," she added.

Xu Jianhong, 25, graduated from a top university in Nanjing in 2011 and began work at a leading consulting firm in Shanghai.

"My salary is considered high compared to my classmates, and that's the main reason I chose the job," he said. "But now I find it not worthwhile as the working hours are too long, and there is no work-life balance. I don't have a hukou (household registration) so I cannot enjoy the benefits that come with it."

Xu said that in a year or two, he will consider changing jobs to a more stable company, preferably a State-owned company (SOE) as they have better welfare packages.

"I don't regret the choice I made as I acquired a great many job skills and the relationships within the company are good, with no hierarchy, no bureaucracy. We can discuss issues with the big boss anytime," he said, wondering whether any new job would offer such a pleasant environment.

"If I change and work in an SOE, I worry that the environment within the company will be different and I will have a hard time getting used to the hidden rules."

Xu's opinion was echoed by many of his peers.

Liang Lin, 29, graduated with a master's degree in business from a top university. She has changed jobs three times over the past five years, and said her preference has changed as well.

"The first job I had was with a US insurance company," she said. "It was good pay but long hours."

She wanted a better work-life balance, where she has time to do the things she wants to do.

Now she is representing her company, which is an SOE, as it opens a joint venture with a local company in Shanghai.

"I have more free time, and I get a good social welfare package," she said. "I can do things I enjoy."

Zhu, the career consultant, explained that this change is in line with the theory of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. Maslow was a US psychologist who published a well-known paper in 1943 that prioritized human needs.

"This shows that an employee needs develop from basic physiological to higher psychological needs, as the theory explained," she said. "Maslow describes this level as the desire to accomplish everything that one can, to become the most that one can be."

Zhu also explained that SOEs, as they have a market monopoly in certain industries, can provide employees with better welfare packages, including hukou, medical care, children's education and perhaps housing. That complete package, which is hard to get even if a worker has a high salary, is more attractive nowadays.

"As a fresh graduate, I believed that money talked, but now I realize the importance of work-life balance, and the process of self-actualization. To do what you want to do and be allowed to do so is truly a blessing," said Li Xinyuan, who has worked with a US law firm since 2010 after graduating with a law degree from an Ivy-league university in the US.

Her monthly income is double that of her peers who work in SOEs but she said she feels that the money alone is not reward enough.

Li is thinking of getting a PhD degree and then teaching.

"That is more meaningful to me," she said.記者發現，白領們對於理想工作的看法一直在改變。誰纔是最佳僱主呢？

12月13日，北京大學中國社會科學調查中心和智聯招聘網發佈年度最佳僱主榜單，榜單上列舉了中國最受歡迎的30家企業。同時，機構報告顯示，受到物價上漲，社會福利待遇提高和高房價的影響，理想工作的影響因素已不僅僅是工資。

這份調查的數據來自於17個行業的2132家公司，這些公司大多位於我國一二線城市。

智聯招聘高級職業諮詢師硃紅豔（音）介紹，與兩年前相比，白領們不僅關注高薪，而且還關心公司員工福利待遇問題。他們希望在公司能夠得到尊重，與同事之間有着良好的人際關係，而不像以前僅僅希望得到升職的機會。

徐建洪（音），現年25歲，2011年畢業於南京的一所國內一流大學，現供職於上海一家知名諮詢公司，他說出了大多數年輕人的心聲。

他坦言，他在他的同學中屬於高收入，這也是當年選擇這份工作的原因，但現在，他對這份工作並不滿意，因爲工作時間過長，生活沒有規律，而且他還無法擁有上海戶口，這讓他難以享受相應的公共福利。

他說自己想在未來一兩年內換一份更加穩定的工作，福利待遇較好的國企是一份不錯的選擇。

不過，他對自己的選擇並不後悔，這兩年他在這裏積累了很多工作經驗，同事間的關係也很融洽。大家經常和公司領導一起討論問題，沒有官僚主義的習氣。對於日後到國企工作的選擇，他也有一些顧慮，那裏的工作環境應該會有所不同，估計得花一段時間去熟悉新的規則。

樑琳（音），現在29歲，工商管理碩士，名校畢業，在過去的五年中換過三份工作，她覺得自己對理想工作的看法也發生了改變。

她說，她的第一份工作是在一家美國保險公司上班，工資很高但是工作時間太長。後來她放棄了那份工作，希望每天過得有規律，過屬於自己的生活。現在，她在一家上海的國企合資代表處工作。她感到現在自己有了許多自由的時間，可以做自己喜歡做的事，而且社會福利待遇也不錯！

職業諮詢師硃紅豔認爲，這種變化符合美國心理學家馬斯洛提出的需要層次理論，這個著名理論於1943在他的論文中問世。根據馬斯洛的理論人的需要從低層次的生存需要向高層次的精神需要不斷髮展，最終達到自我實現。如今，國有企業在一些行業擁有壟斷地位，它們可以爲員工提供戶口、提供醫療保障、解決子女就學問題，甚至有些還能解決住房問題，在當前形勢下，這些福利十分誘人，是普通企業提供的高薪所無法比擬的。

李欣源（音），一家美國法律公司的員工，2010年畢業於美國一所常春藤院校。她說，當自己剛剛畢業時，她認爲一切靠錢說話，不過現在，她感到有規律的生活和追求自我實現纔是最重要的，最幸福的事莫過於能夠做自己想做的事了！現在，她的月收入相當於她在國內國企工作的同齡人的兩倍，不過錢無法滿足精神需求。她正在考慮考博，之後留校教書，對於她而言，那纔是有意義的生活。