蘋果、谷歌等一流企業不再需要大學文憑做敲門磚

在名校學歷滿天飛的現代社會，縱使有名牌大學學位也不一定能被頂尖公司錄用，然而近年來，一些全球知名公司卻大膽棄用大學文憑這一錄用條件，其中就包括蘋果、IBM、谷歌等薪水最高的一流企業。

Recently, the job review site Glassdoor compiled a list of 15 different companies that don’t require job applicants to have college degrees. The list includes high-paying tech outlets like Apple, Google, and IBM, in addition to service-oriented companies like Costco, Starbucks, and Chipotle.

最近，求職網站Glassdoor羅列了15家招聘時不要求有大學文憑的公司，其中就包括蘋果、谷歌和IBM等高薪科技公司，還有好市多、星巴克和Chipotle等服務型企業。

Abandoning the four-year degree as a qualification might feel like a dramatic break from hiring orthodoxy. But in some ways, it’s more surprising that so many companies still insist upon a degree in the first place.

棄用大學文憑這一錄用條件，也許大大違背了正統的招聘之道。不過，從別的角度來看，更令人吃驚的是，竟然還有這麼多公司仍堅持在招聘的時候要求有大學文憑。

"Academic qualifications will still be taken into account and indeed remain an important consideration when assessing candidates as a whole, but will no longer act as a barrier to getting a foot in the door,” Maggie Stilwell, Ernst and Young’s managing partner for talent, told the Huffington Post when that company dropped the requirement.

在安永會計師事務所棄用大學文憑這一錄用條件後，該事務所的人才招聘管理合夥人瑪吉·史迪威爾告訴《赫芬頓郵報》說：“公司在招聘時仍會考慮學歷，在對應聘者進行總體評估時，學歷仍然是重要的考量因素，但不再是招錄的一道門檻。”

In other words: Companies will hire the candidates whose experience and skills best suit them for the job. Many of those successful applicants will have university degrees. Some of them will not.

換言之，公司將招聘經驗和能力最適合某個職位的人。未來，被錄用的應聘者中很多都會有大學學位，有些則沒有。

Google acknowledged several years ago that college transcripts and test scores are worthless predictors of later job performance. (The only exceptions were very recent graduates, and even then the correlation was weak.) At IBM, where roughly 15% of new hires in the US don’t have college degrees, CEO Ginni Rometty has said that vocational courses and on-the-job experience offer more relevant training for many tech sector positions than a four-year college degree.

幾年前，谷歌公司曾坦言，大學成績單和考試成績並不能用來預測日後的工作表現。（只有剛畢業的大學生例外，但即使是這些人，大學成績和工作表現之間也沒有太多關聯。）IBM公司美國總部新招聘的人約有15%沒有大學學位，首席執行官金尼·羅梅蒂表示，對於許多技術崗位而言，專業培訓課程和在職經歷比四年的大學學歷更有用。

It’s not that college degrees are useless. For many people, university is the place where they acquire skills employers value. But automatically discounting people who earn that same knowledge through a different path can be counterproductive.

這並不意味着大學學位就沒有用。對許多人而言，大學裏可以獲得僱主看重的技能。但自動篩除那些通過另一種途徑獲得相同知識的人，卻會產生反效果。

Which hypothetical resume offers a more convincing case for a candidate’s work ethic or motivation: one from a recent college graduate who majored in computer science, or that of a self-taught coder who acquired those same skills while also managing full-time employment? What a person knows is more important than how they learned it.

哪一種簡歷更能證明應聘者的職業道德或工作積極性？是剛畢業的計算機科學專業大學生，還是自學成才並有全職工作經驗的碼農？一個人真正獲得的知識積累比獲得知識的途徑更重要。