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雅思作文經濟類詞彙

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  寫作需要大量的詞彙爲基礎,下面小編爲了助力大家備考雅思寫作,給你們分享一些經濟類的詞彙,希望對大家有所幫助。

雅思作文經濟類詞彙

雅思大作文必備單詞社會經濟類

market economy市場經濟;

market failure市場失靈;

inflation通貨膨脹;

microeconomics微觀經濟學;

macroeconomics宏觀經濟學;

import進口;

export出口;

quantity demanded需求量;

quantity supplied供給量;

surplus過剩;

shortage短缺;

urbanization城市化

centralization集中化

imbalance不平衡

in the long run從長遠角度而言

infrastructure基礎設施

booming繁榮發展的

tertiary industry第三產業

tranquility寧靜

revenue稅收

commercialization商業化

traffic congestion交通擁擠

water scarcity水短缺

the environmentalpollution環境污染

over-industrialization過度工業化

over-crowdedness過度擁擠

unemployment失業

wealth distribution財富分配

social instability社會動盪

urban construction城市建設

population explosion人口激增

a rising crime rate犯罪率上升

drain of energy and resources能源和資源消耗

offer more job opportunities提供更多的就業機會

a rapid pace of life快節奏生活

stress-related illnesses與壓力有關的疾病

  2016年10月29日雅思考試大作文範文(經濟類題材)

Task:Is it a good thing for the senior managers to have better salaries than other workers in a company or organization?To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Sample answer:

If Karl Marx was still alive in the word, chances are that he would frown upon the widening disparity between the well-paid senior staff, who are in charge of lifeblood of the company and other workers who are heavily exploited of the view that the salary should be in line with the hierarchy of staff in their companies.

The staff who are in the relatively high level in companies assume more accountability of the operation of companies, which justifies the status qua that are supposed to be better rewarded. The senior members' responsibilities do not only confine in the office trifles such as printing the files for the meeting, or work out a balance sheet for the financial quarter. Instead, they are under the massive pressure to be insightful policy makers who are seemingly at ease with daunting tasks, because one of the their minor mistakes is likely to trigger a blunder, bringing inevitable financial loss to their companies.

On the other hand, the high salary of the senior staff can also serve as incentive to their subordinates. Monetary reward, materialistic as it might be, can stir more motivation of staff, because it is a conspicuous fact that a decent salary is the foundation of the daily life. With the seductive payback, workers are more willing to fulfill their duties with higher quality and the talent of the able would be fully tapped to the benefit for companies and themselves.

Of course, the dark sides cannot be neglected due to its advantages the high salary brings. Certain senior members share the lion’s share of benefit and the rest of it is then allocated to majority of junior employees. This income gap is a dormant factor that can damage the rapport of the members and undermine the overall moral and collaboration of different levels of staff.

In conclusion, the principle of “no pain no gain” still works as a maxim in the modern companies. Egalitarianism is only a Utopian depiction, while utilitarianism has the final say.

 雅思寫作提高--轉變思維是唯一辦法

如果說有什麼方法可以提高雅思寫作成績,我想從根本上提高的唯一辦法就是轉變思維方式,也就是把中式思維向英式思維靠攏,只有這樣才能符合雅思考官的喜好,才能得高分。本文中,將具體介紹一下中式思維和英式思維的區別,以及怎樣才能寫出更符合雅思考官要求的作文。

事實上,如果腦袋裏有一箇中文的概念或者想法,要用英文來表達的時候總是免不了緊張,因爲由於中英兩國的文化不同,很多東西無法表達----非常可能不是因爲考生的語言問題,而是因爲這個中國的概念在英文裏面根本就不存在。有數字統計過中英兩國語言的詞彙量只有40%能互通(所謂的equivalent),而這就意味着剩餘的60%的表達肯定是和原文有很大出入的。

甚至很多我們生活中經常使用的語言,不假思索就能說出的概念,在英語文化裏很可能根本就沒有對應的表達,例如“熱鬧”這個詞,考生們可以試試能否在英文單詞中找到讓你滿意的對得上號的詞。“這個地方很熱鬧”這句話,根據語境可以有不同的翻譯,但是總體而言,“熱鬧”作爲一個詞來說,在英文裏幾乎是沒有對應的。

正因爲如此,我們才強調,寫英語作文,說英語口語,要用英語思維,不要用中式思維。這對於很多人來說是個很空洞的概念,只有當你真正用英語與外國人交流的時候纔會體會到英式思維的重要性。

這的確很難,因爲我們在中式思維裏面紮根的太深了。事實上,這也和兩國語言本身的特點有關。魯迅就說過,中文和外文比,吃虧就吃在不夠精確,具體到單詞水平,就是“詞彙量少”。因爲詞彙量少,因此中文特別講究“上下文”,一個模糊的詞只有在一個特定的語境裏面才能讓讀者感到一個特定的意思。

相比而言,英文在這方面就不是這樣,具體的說,大部分英語詞都是有着非常確定的意思的,因此,那些在中文裏面需要聯繫上下文才能端倪出的細微差別,也許在英文裏面只是另一個單詞而已。記住這點,筆者下面所說的也許會對諸位有用,在這裏,筆者提供一個方法,就是如果你腦袋中有一個想法的話,仔細想想你到底想精確說的是什麼意思。比如,當你想說某一個命題錯誤的時候,你最好想清楚它到底錯在哪裏,“illogical, irresponsible, biased, prejudice, fallacy, untrue”這些詞之間都有着或大或小的差別,所以主要想看你到底想說的是什麼。

所以,諸位想鍛鍊寫作的話,建議要做的第一樣功課,就是求精細。只有你自己求精細了,才能發現報刊、書籍中對相近的概念的不同表達法的精妙之處,纔會由衷地爲某篇文章的一個用詞會心一笑。寫作就是思維表達的一種形式。西方人直線式的思維方式體現在語言上就是西方人說話寫文章喜歡開門見山,把關鍵性的話放在開頭,然後再論及其它次要的內容。

而寫作涉及到語言的方方面面,從語言的結構上來說最基本的因素包括遣詞、造句和篇章。螺旋與直入的思維差異就會影響到這些方面,具體包括修飾語與中心詞、句子和篇章。

修飾語與中心詞

英語的修飾語,如介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞、定語從句等皆放在被修飾語的後面;而漢語的修飾語無論長短、繁簡,皆置於被修飾語的前面。體現了直入與螺旋的不同的思維方式。例如:

1. The scientists everywhere in the world are looking for the efficient methods to make the air clean and protect it from the pollution by all kinds of industrial harmful waste gases.

漢語“全世界的科學家”,修飾語在前,中心詞在後,而英語則是中心詞在前,修飾語在後。“淨化空氣、防止空氣受到各種有害工業廢氣污染的有效方法”同樣是修飾語在前,中心詞在後,而英語則相反。

2. We appreciate your words about the relations between our two countries.

漢語“有關我們兩國關係的談話”,修飾語在前,中心詞在後,而英語則是中心詞在前,修飾語在後。“有關我們兩國關係”,同樣是修飾語在前,中心詞在後,而英語則相反。

3. The hungry boy ate up everything he could have his hands on from the refrigerator.

“他從冰箱裏所能拿到的吃的東西”,修飾語在前,中心詞在後,而英語則是中心詞在前,修飾語在後。

4. The problem arose of how to fairly distribute the world natural resources.

比較而言,該句主語太長,謂語太短,構成了不連續性修飾語,不過還是有些突兀,但修飾語還得後置。而漢語“怎樣合理分配世界自然資然的問題”仍是修飾語在前,中心詞在後。

句子

英語句子開門見山,其主謂結構是全句的“綱”,其餘成份是“目”,一般先下結論,後敘事,從近到遠,新近發生的事先出現,重心落在句首。漢語句子一般以邏輯關係和時間的先後順序排列,一般先敘事,後下結論,由遠及近,重心落在句尾。這種差異體現了直入與螺旋的不同的思維方式。

中國學生在英語寫作時往往會受漢語思維的影響,寫出下面的句子:

1. When I stayed in Guangzhou last month, you helped me. I am grateful for that.

2. Tom’s mother died when he was only two years old, so he did not remember her.

3. After we left China in 1959, the natural calamities happened one after another for three years in the country. While we read about it at home, we had been dismayed.

4. It looked rain that evening, yet Dad came all the same. That made us very joyful.

如果按英語直入的思維方式,以上幾句要改寫成:

1. I am very grateful for your help to me during my stay in Guangzhou last month.

2. Tom did not remember his mother who died when he was only two years old.

3. We had been dismayed at home while reading of the natural calamities that happened one after another for three years after we left China in 1959.

4. It looked rain that evening, yet to our great joy, Dad came all the same.

這種思維方式的轉換要是更復雜一點,對中國學生來說,是需要操練的。例如:

1. 我認爲如果他們初次相識時,她很窮,他未必會愛她。這位女性由於對他有好感而幫助他,使他心存感激,這種感激之情很容易發展成爲真摯的愛情。

I do not suppose he would have loved her if she had been poor when he first knew her, but the gratitude which he felt for the help which he owed to her kindly interest in him easily developed into a sincere affection. (條件關係和多層因果關係的轉換)

2. 她去深圳參加一個會議,會議結束後,她就到香港去購物,昨天才回來。

She came back yesterday from Hong Kong where she had gone shopping after the meeting in Shenzhen.(時間順序的轉換)

段落篇章

總體而言,英文篇章,一般都採用直線型的形式,尤其是說明文和議論文,更是一般——具體式的。英語篇章是a writer-responsible pattern, 即作者在篇章中有責任、有義務向讀者交代其主旨或目的。爲使讀者省時高效,英語篇章開門見山,一開頭就直接點明段落的主題句 (topic sentence) 或全文的中心思想 (thesis statement), 即亮明作者的觀點、態度、看法等;或者以引言開門,即“首先用一個熟悉的事實、觀點、故事、引言等開頭,然後直接見到作者全文的觀點思想”。

由以上分析可知,西方人的直線式思維和中國人的螺旋式思維存在明顯的差異,體現在語言中,幾乎滲透到語言的各個單位,包括詞彙、句子、段落和全篇。當然,筆者無意說思維模式孰好孰壞,正如我們不能斷言文化模式孰好孰壞一樣。但作爲學英語的中國人,學原汁原味的語言是我們要達到的最高境界。自然,這裏的語言也應包括discourse或text。

因此考生們要知道,一種思維是一種文化長期的積澱,它已進入該民族的潛意識,根深蒂固,如果只學語言本身,不會知其所以然,一旦到了使用語言時,漢語思維自然突現,寫出Chinglish, 渾然不知。此外,建議考生多背誦和模仿英語經典文章,如《新概念英語》第三冊上的文章,筆者認爲皆爲語言的精華,不但文詞優美,每課都是一篇範文,原汁原味,多讀這樣的文章,一定會有所啓發。由此看來,老生常談而又令人費解的“學會用英語思維”,倒不如換個說法——學會英漢思維轉換,即懂得英漢思維的差異,在平時讀書的時候去真實地領悟,久而久之,就能寫出地道的英文來,至少不會寫出那麼多的Chinglish。

綜上所述,想要取得雅思寫作7分甚至更高的分數,單靠所謂的模板和複雜的句式是做不到的,只有從寫作思維模式上進行改變,纔有可能取得好的寫作成績。而中式思維的根深蒂固必定會對正確的英語寫作思維產生阻力,因此,臨摹英式思維的文章以及閱讀海外學術著作對於轉變寫作思維有着至關重要的作用。