雅思小作文的複雜句如何去寫

雅思寫作中運用不同語法結構是很重要的，很多烤鴨好像自動把“寫作”和“大作文”劃上了等號。其實不然，在小作文的評分標準中，同樣也有語法的維度。小作文的複雜句式該怎樣下筆去寫呢?今天我們就一起來學習學習吧!

雅思小作文評分標準

5分：僅能使用有限的語法結構→句式重複較多

6分：綜合使用簡單句式與複雜句式→可以使用一些簡單句+複雜句

7分：運用各種複雜的語法結構→靈活使用，而不是一味使用最長、最難的句式

從評分標準裏我們可以看出，想要得到6分及以上的評價，就得刻意去使用更多複雜的句型。

簡單來說，簡單句就是隻有一套主謂的句子，比如：

John wanted a decent IELTS band score.

而複雜句型就包括從句、倒裝、被動等各種句式，其實考官期待看到的複雜句型，和我們作爲學習者理解的複雜句型，會有所出入。

01

連詞

2008 pass rates in Business, Science and Maths and Engineering were considerably lower in 2008 than in 2012, so the greastest level of improvement took place in these disciplines(科目).

這種句式是利用連詞將兩個句子連接在一起，通常連詞的用法沒有什麼限制，要注意的就是根據使用場景：

■ 表原因結果，連接宏觀的規律和微觀數據

■ 錶轉折讓步，進行正反信息的對比

■ 表單純並列，羅列若干同類信息

其它的連詞還有and、or、although、because、while、whereas等，通過連詞組成複雜句式是比較容易的手段，再舉幾個例子：

■ In contrast, the amount in Poland was 10 million initially, and then is increased slightly to 11 million before decreasing almost back to the figure in 1980, at 9.9 million.

■ Lamb and chicken were eaten in similar quantities (around 150 grams), while much less fish was consumed (just over 50 grams).

02

介詞

At just over 80% in 2012 and 70% in 2018, averagepass rates among Computer Science students were by far the highest.

這種是用了介詞，使得句子只用了一套主謂結構的同時，保留了兩個信息點。其它推薦使用的介詞還有in/on/from...to.../between/by/until/with/for/at等。

再感受一下其用法：

■ The percentage change between the two years was clearly the most marked for those studying Business，from a modest 20% in 2008 to a considerably higher level (50%) in 2012.

■ In 1979, beef was the most popular of these food, with about 225 grams per person per week.

03

定語從句

2008 pass rates in Business, Science, and Maths and Engineering were considerably lower in 2008 than in 2012, which means that the greatest level of improvement took place in these disciplines.

對，這就是同學們都愛使用的定語從句，也是很好的組成複雜句的手段之一：

■ People in Turkey spent on food, drinks and tobacco with the largest percentage, which was 32.14%.

■ In 2009, personal needs and unexpected problems were each cited by around 10% of people, both of which grew to around 20% ten years later.

04

賓語從句

The chart provides information about how many employees were away from work in three different years and the reasons given.

這個句型叫賓語從句，常見於小作文的開頭段，通常在對題目進行改寫時使用，其它的替換表達還有：The diagram/table/figure/illustration/graph + indicates/represents/shows/outlines...

比如：

■ The pie charts compare the distribution of water usage for different purposes among local residents during the period from 1988 to 2008.

■ The bar charts illustrates changes in the electricity rates in four states in Australia.

05

形式主語從句

It is noticeable that for both types of household with children, a higher than average proportion were living in poverty at this time.

這種句型叫形式主語從句，可以用來描述一些細節信息或者比較明顯的特徵，

同學們還可以寫：It is obvious that.../It is interesting to note that... 等

■ It is also interesting to note that almost all showed a decrease in 1994 in amount of goods transported except for the pipeline, which actually peaked in that year.

06

There be句型

There is a sharp rise in the next hour to reach its maximum before collapsing again to a lower level by the end of the day.

用There be句型非常適合用來描寫小作文中的客觀數據，表示“有”或者“存在”的意思。

其它的例子還有：

■ There were no figures given for male part-time workers, but female part-time had forty hours of leisure time, only slightly more than women in full-time employment, perhaps reflecting their work in the home.

07

被動句

By 2005, the time needed to produce a car had descended to just 21 hours.

被動句也是小作文中很常用、且較易上手的複雜句式之一，當描述對象是物體或流程時經常用到，舉幾個例子：

■ Meanwhile, timber was the most popular product in 1980 but two decades later paper was produced more than the others.

■ By creating an enclosed(封閉的) environment, the lid(蓋子) on the top must be closed so there would be no smoke letting out.

08

倒裝句

After entering the venue, customers could see a cash desk on the right and in front of them were several round tables arranged in a circle.

倒裝句也是適合使用的複雜句式之一，常用在地圖題當中，比如：

■ In the southeast and west part were many shops opened along new roads on both sides.

■ In the west was a river running from north to south.

建議同學們如果想在考場上使用倒裝句，私下練習時一定要確保句子的結構是正確的。

複雜句真的沒有大家想得那麼難，但是也不能掉以輕心，犯下過多的錯誤，所以建議同學們可以仿照在上面列出的句子，進行一定量的改寫練習，看自己比較擅長哪些，在考場上發揮它們的優勢哦!還想了解哪些英語內容，可以來關注我們。

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