科學研究表明：11個暴露個性的小習慣

Even small behaviors can be a window into your overall approach to life.

再小的行爲都可能成爲窺視你生活的方式。

We dug up psychological research and expert opinion on what different daily habits might reveal about you. Note that none of this information is definitive, and that these general findings might not apply to you specifically. Rather, they can provide starting points for learning more about your own and others' motivations.

我們研讀了一些心理研究和專家意見，發現不同的日常生活習慣都可能暴露你的個性。當然，這些結論因人而異，某些發現並不適用於某個個體。但是，它們可以爲我們研究自身和他人動機提供一些出發點。

1. Your shopping habits may reveal your preference for detail

你的購物習慣也許反映了你對細節的偏好

A visit to the drugstore could tell you a whole lot about the person you're with.
Do they scrutinize the ingredients on each tube of toothpaste until they find one that suits their needs? Or do they choose one quickly and assume they know exactly how it works?

通過藥店購物就可以很大程度上了解一個人。有的人會仔細研究牙膏的成分選擇最合適的，但有的人會很快做選擇並假設自己瞭解它的功效。

That first Type of consumer is what scientists call an "explanation fiend"; the second is an "explanation foe."

第一種類型的顧客正是科學家所謂的“分析狂魔”而第二類就是“反分析人羣”。

A series of experiments published in 2012 found that explanation fiends score high on measures of cognitive reflection, meaning they analyze information to death and prefer lots of detail about products. Explanation foes, on the other hand, score low on measures of cognitive reflection, meaning they don't do well with so many details and prefer more general information.

2012年的一系列研究實驗表明，分析狂魔在認知反應上得分很高，這意味着他們推崇分析信息、追求細節。而相反地反分析人羣則在這項得分很低，表明他們無法處理過多細節、更喜歡籠統的信息。

Relationship expert Gilda Carle surveyed 2,000 men and women about the way they hang their toilet paper. She also asked them to fill out surveys about how assertive they were in their relationships.

關係專家Gilda Carle調研了2000名男性和女性懸掛廁紙的習慣。同時也詢問了這些受訪者在日常關係中的武斷程度。

As Carle told The Independent, results showed that those who roll the toilet paper over tend to be more dominant, while those who roll it under tend to be more submissive.
Interestingly, some people reported that they change the direction of the roll no matter where they are--and those people were more likely to have dominant personalities.

正如Carle告訴英國《獨立報》的結果，那些將廁紙懸掛過高的人更專制，而那些將廁紙懸掛過低的人則更順從。還有一些人聲稱無論身處何處，都會改變廁紙的方向，這些人很有可能存在潛在的專制個性。

3. Your eating habits may reveal how you approach life

你的飲食習慣可以反映你的生活方式

The Huffington Post spoke to experts on food-related behaviors and learned that our eating habits can say a lot about our personalities.

《赫芬頓郵報》對話飲食行爲專家，表明飲食習慣的確可以很大程度反映人的個性。

Specifically, slow eaters generally like to be in control and know how to appreciate life. Fast eaters tend to be ambitious, goal-oriented, open to new experiences, and often impatient.

很顯然，慢食者更習慣受控制，也懂得如何感恩生活。而快食者則更有抱負、目標導向、更容易接受新事物、通常沒有耐心。

Adventurous eaters probably like to step out of their comfort zones, while picky eaters are likely neurotic in different areas of their lives. Finally, those who separate different foods on their plate are inclined to be detail oriented and disciplined.

愛冒險的飲食者更願意邁出他們的舒適區，而吹毛求疵的飲食者則對生活的不同地帶都格外敏感。此外，那些會把盤子裏的食物分開放置的人更家注重細節和自律。

The only thing that research suggests we can accurately predict from someone's walk is how vulnerable they feel. In one 2013 study, researchers asked inmates to watch video clips of different people walking and judge which were most vulnerable to victimization.

研究表明，唯一可從一個人的步態準確推斷的只有此人是否覺得自己容易受傷。在2013年的一項研究中，研究者要求囚犯觀看不同人走路的視頻，並讓他們判斷哪些人更容易上當受騙。

Results showed that inmates who scored higher on measures of psychopathy were more likely to pick out walkers who had been victimized in the past. When asked why they made their judgments, many said they could tell by the way the person walked.

結果顯示，那些在精神病學維度上得高分的囚犯更能夠指出過去受到傷害的行人。當問及爲何做出這樣的判斷是，大多數囚犯都說依據的是行人的步態。

Psychologist James Pennebaker has spent years studying function words, such as "the," "this," and "I."

心理學家James Pennebaker花費多年研究功能詞，比如"the," "this," 和"I."

He's found that the way we use these words can provide clues to our gender, age, mental health status, and whether we're romantically interested in our conversation partner.

他發現我們使用這些詞語的方法可以反映我們的性別、年齡、身體狀況以及我們是否對對話感興趣。

For example, Pennebaker and colleagues listened to recordings of speed dates between men and women and found that when couples used similar language styles--specifically, when they used similar function words--they were more likely to go on a date.

比如，Pennebaker和同事們聆聽了男女間極速約會的對話，發現當情侶間使用相似的語言習慣，尤其是使用相似的功能詞時，他們更容易繼續發展。

As NPR reports, that's not because the couples were more similar to begin with--the researchers observed this phenomenon even among people who were very different. Instead, it's probably because we shift our language when we're interested in someone.

正如美國公共之聲報道，這不是因爲情侶纔有的相似性。研究者在不同人羣中都觀察到這一現象，可能正是因爲我們對某人感興趣纔會轉換自己的語言習慣。

Writing in Fast Company, psychologist Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic says that extroverts are more likely to talk about fun-related things, like music and parties. People with lower emotional intelligence tend to use emotional and negative words, such as "depressed" and "angry."

心理學家Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic在《快公司》雜誌上聲稱，性格外向的人更喜歡聊有趣的事情，比如音樂、聚會。而情商較低的人則傾向用情緒化和負面的詞語，比如“絕望”和“生氣”。

Perhaps unsurprisingly, narcissists generally talk about themselves, using words such as "I," "me," and "mine."

不出奇的是，內向者通常談論自己，使用“我”和“我的”這些詞。

Just because your friend is always late doesn't necessarily mean he's inconsiderate.
One study found that those who are chronically late are probably more laid-back, "Type B" individuals.

即使你朋友總是遲到，這並不意味着他就是個不體諒人的傢伙。研究表明那些習慣性遲到的人可能比較懶散，屬於B型人。

Meanwhile, psychologist Linda Sapadin told The Atlantic that she sees four types of personalities who are always late (you can be a combination of all four).

同時，心理學家Linda Sapadin告訴《大西洋報》，有四類性格的人總是遲到（當然也可能是四種的混合體）。

The perfectionist won't leave the house until everything is in order. The crisis maker gets a high from racing to meet the deadline. The defier is rebelling against authority and societal norms. The dreamer is overly optimistic about how much they can get done in a certain amount of time.

完美主義者不願在一切安排得井井有條前就離開家，麻煩製造者總是趕着最後死線，叛逆者總是對抗權威和社會準則，夢想家總是對於自己能夠在短時間內完成一件事情過於樂觀自信。

There's a reason why some people engage in what scientists call "body-focused repetitive behaviors" (BFRB), like biting their nails, pulling their hair, or picking their skin.

有些人有科學家說的“專注於身體的重複行爲”，比如咬指甲、捋頭髮或是摳皮膚。

In one 2015 study, researchers filmed people while they were in a situation that was stressful, frustrating, relaxing, or boring. Results showed that those who scored high on measures of perfectionism were more likely to display these behaviors, especially in the stressful, frustrating, and boring conditions.

2015年的研究中，研究者拍攝了人在受壓、受挫、放鬆和無聊時的影像。那些在至善論這項得高分的人更容易出現這樣的行爲。

As Scientific American reports, boredom may be a trigger for BFRB because those behaviors may be a way for perfectionists to feel better by doing something instead of nothing.

就如《科學美國人》雜誌報道的，無聊可能是觸發專注於身體的重複行爲的誘因，因爲完美主義者會覺得做些什麼總比什麼都不做來得好。

Recent research reveals what it means if you're constantly staring at that screen. The 2015 study measured cell phone "addiction" by asking people how much they agreed with statements such as "I get agitated when my cell phone is not in sight" and "I spend more time than I should on my cell phone."

最近的研究針對人們長時間盯着屏幕意味着什麼而進行。研究詢問人們是否認同“如果手機不在視線範圍內會感到不安”、“我在手機上花費過多的時間”等觀點來測試對手機的依賴程度。

Results showed that emotional instability was a key predictor of cell-phone addiction.
Interestingly, the study also found that introverts--people who expressed feelings of shyness and bashfulness--were less likely to be addicted to their phones.

結果顯示，情緒的不穩定性是手機依賴症的一項關鍵徵兆。有趣的是，研究同時發現，內向者——常常表現出害羞和羞怯——不太有手機依賴症。

Those who file and delete emails as soon as they receive them may have a greater need for control and order in their lives.

那些經常整理郵件並儘快清理的人可能需要更多的控制權。

Those who save emails--meaning they read them but don't delete them--may be perfectionists, who think they'll get around to addressing those messages eventually.

那些會保存郵件的人——讀過但並不刪除，可能是完美主義者，他們相信最終會有時間對郵件進行篩選。

Lastly, those who leave emails unread, without filing or deleting them, may feel overwhelmed. Alternatively, they may also be smart because they recognize that reading those emails isn't helping them make substantive progress.

而那些留着郵件不讀，既不分類也不刪除的人，可能感到壓力過大。從另一方面來說，他們也是聰明的，因爲他們意識到即使讀了郵件也沒辦法取得實質性的進展。

The only accurate observation students made was that positive emotion in a selfie generally predicted the person's openness to experience.

唯一準確的觀察是，如果在自拍中流露出積極的情緒，那麼這個人比較願意接受新事物。

Researchers also found that friendlier people were more likely to take pictures from below; more conscientious people were less likely to reveal a private space in the background; those who were open to new experiences were more likely to display positive emotions; and neurotic people were more likely to make a duck face.

同時，研究者也發現，友善的人們更願意從下往上拍照片；謹慎的人們很少願意在背景中暴露私人空間；那些願意嘗試新事物的人們則更多地表現出正面的情緒；而敏感的人則更多拍出嘟嘴照。