with，without引導的獨立主格結構

一、with ( without)+賓語（名詞/代詞）+賓語補足語，賓語通常由名詞或代詞充當，但代詞一定要用賓格。請看例句：
The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.
小女孩把盒子藏了起來，沒有人知道它在哪裏。（without +名詞/代詞+動詞的-ing形式） Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.
她沒再說什麼話就離開了會議室。（without+名詞/代詞+動詞的-ed形式）
The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.
有這麼多的名勝可參觀，小孩很激動。（with+名詞/代詞+動詞不定式）
The boy was walking, with his father ahead.
父親在前，小孩在後走着。（with+名詞/代詞+副詞）
He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或He stood at the door, computer in hand. 他站在門口，手裏拿着一部電腦。（with+名詞/代詞+介詞短語）
With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy.
由於兒子如此令人失望，老人感到很不快樂。（with+名詞/代詞+形容詞）
二、 在with (without) 的複合結構中，with常常用在獨立主格結構前，構成介詞短語作狀語。這種用法中的with不表達什麼意義，因而常可省略，但without 不能省略。請看例句：
1）With a hoe in his right hand， Johnny hurled his muscular body against the door and smashed it down with a crash．
約翰尼右手拿着鋤頭，健壯的身體猛撲在門上，轟隆一聲把門撞開了。
2）The traffic inched along，with horns honking．
汽車緩慢地向前挪着，喇叭聲不斷響着。
三、“with + 複合賓語”結構也可以用作定語。 請看例句：
He lives in a village with a railway behind it.
他住在一個後面有鐵路的小村莊。
Harry Potter is a boy with a scar on his forehead.
哈利波特是一個額頭有疤的男孩。