獨立主格結構的幾種基本形式

名詞(代詞)+現在分詞（過去分詞；形容詞；副詞；不定式；名詞；介詞短語）　
1. 名詞(代詞)+現在分詞
Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance．
黑夜籠罩大地，誰也看不清遠處黑壓壓的一片是什麼東西。
There being no bus, we had to walk home.
由於沒有公共汽車，我們只好走回家。
2. 名詞(代詞)+過去分詞
The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.
由於工人們的生活條件大大提高，他們工作得更起勁了。
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.
他上課專心聽講，眼睛緊盯着黑板。
3. 名詞(代詞)+不定式在“名詞/代詞+動詞不定式”結構中，動詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞如果存在着邏輯上的主謂關係，動詞不定式則用主動的形式；如果是動賓關係，則用被動形式。
The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.
我們四人同意分工幹，每人翻譯全書的四分之一。
Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 種上許多的樹、花和草後，我們新建的學校看上去將更美。
3. 名詞(代詞)+形容詞The Trojans asleep, the Greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden horse．
特洛伊人睡着了，於是希臘士兵從中空的木馬裏悄悄爬了出來。
Computers very small, we can use them widely. 電
腦雖小，我們卻能廣泛地利用它們。
5. 名詞(代詞)+副詞
The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room.
散會了，校長很快就離開了會議室。
The lights off, we could not go on with the work.
燈熄了，我們不能繼續工作了。
6. 名詞(代詞)+名詞
His first shot failure，he fired again．
他第一槍沒擊中，又打了一槍。
Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.
兩百人死於事故，其中有許多兒童。
7. 名詞(代詞) +介詞短語
He lay at full length upon his stomach，his head resting upon his left forearm．
他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，頭枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。
Every afternoon a very old woman hobbled past the old house，a vast load of firewood on her back．
每天下午，一個揹着一大背柴禾的老婦人都會從那間破舊的房屋前蹣跚着走過。