獨立主格結構妙題賞析

請看下面一道題：Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.
A. its                      B. whose                   C. which                    D. that

【分析】此題很容易誤選B，許多同學會認爲句中逗號後是一個非限制性的定語從句，whose 在定語從句中用作定語修飾其後的名詞 owner。此分析從表面上看，似乎天衣無縫，但實質上是錯的，原因是空格後根本不是一個句子，因爲沒有謂語。儘管句中有兩個動詞，但它們都是非謂語動詞。也許有的同學認爲，其中的 seated 可視爲謂語動詞，但是注意，seat 用作動詞時，它總是及物的，其後要麼接賓語，要麼它就用於被動語態，所以若在 seated 前加上助動詞 is，則可以選擇B（當然若將 seated （當然若將 seated sitting，也應選擇B）。所以此題最佳答案選A。請再看一個類似的例子： (1) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ translated into foreign languages.

A. it              B. them          C. this             D. that

(2) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.A. it                        B. them                    C. which                     D. that

第(1)應選B，而不能選C，是因爲句中的 translated 是過去分詞(非謂語動詞)，若選C，則該從句無謂語；第(2)應選C，因爲句中有謂語 were translatedC。

再請看下面一例：(3) He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.
A. it                B. them            C. which        D. that
【分析】此題與上面的第(2)題不同，兩句間多了一個並列連詞and，說明這是一個並列句，故應選B，則不能選C。

請做做以下三題(答案均爲B)：

(1) There I met several people, two of _________ being foreigners.
A. which                 B. them                     C. whom                    D. that

(2) There I met several people, two of _________ were foreigners.
A. which                 B. whom                   C. who                      D. that

(3) There I met several people, and two of _________ were foreigners.
A. which                  B. them                     C. whom                   D. that