中國經濟：從“短跑”到“長跑”（中英對照）

中國經濟：從“短跑”到“長跑”
Chinese Economy: Sprint to Marathon

中國駐印度大使 樂玉成
Le Yucheng, China’s Ambassador to India

前段時間，第15屆世界田徑錦標賽在北京舉行，短跑的速度與激情，長跑的耐力和韌勁，令我印象深刻並聯想到中國經濟。中國經濟過去30多年的高速發展，猶如短跑，速度雖快，但不可持續。當今的中國經濟，正轉入長跑模式，速度雖有所下降，但更健康，更持久。
In August, the 15th IAAF World Championship was held in Beijing. I was especially impressed by the endurance and tenacity in long-distance running as well as the speed and passion in sprint. It made me ponder over the Chinese economy, whose rapid growth over the past 30 years is similar to sprinting, fast yet not sustainable. Now the Chinese economy is shifted to the long-distance running mode, a little slower, but healthier and more sustainable.

今年上半年，中國經濟增速雖降爲7%，但在世界主要經濟體中仍位居前列，這是在中國經濟體量高達10萬億美元基礎上的增長，值得“點個贊”。中國經濟不再一味追求數量，而是更加註重質量，追求在保持中高速增長的同時，不斷優化結構。就像一個人，少年時期身高長得很快，但青年時期身高長得差不多了，更多是強身體和長頭腦。
The 7% growth rate China achieved in the first half of the year is not at all easy. Given a US$ 10 trillion economy, 7% growth actually generates more increase in volume than the double-digit growth in the past, which deserves a “thumbs-up”. China now pays more attention to the quality of its economy and no longer pursues quantity alone. While maintaining medium-to-high speed economic growth, it continues to optimize its structure. Just like a young man no longer grows as fast in height as a teenager, but the body is built stronger and mind enriched.

中國經濟的活力來自經濟結構調整。上半年服務業佔GDP比重接近50%，消費對經濟增長貢獻率高達60%，高科技產業增速超過10%，能耗下降5.9%。中國經濟雖犧牲了一些速度，但質量明顯提升，正在從勞動密集型轉向科技密集型，爲長期可持續發展奠定了基礎。
The vitality of the Chinese economy comes from the adjustment of economic structure. In the first half of this year, the economy expanded by 7%, the service sector accounts for almost half of GDP, consumption contributes 60% to growth, the growth of high-tech industries is over 10%, and energy intensity was down by 5.9%. These figures show that, despite of moderation of the speed, the Chinese economy is going for better quality and transformed from labour intensive to science and technology intensive, which lays the foundation for sustainable development.

中國經濟的活力來自創業創新。中國政府大力推動“大衆創業、萬衆創新”，簡化行政手續，降低創業門檻，激發企業熱情。過去一年半時間內，平均每天有1萬家市場主體註冊成立。中國小米和阿里巴巴的故事在印度已經膾炙人口。小米在五年前成立時只有十幾個人，五年後市值高達450億美元。阿里巴巴通過創新不斷做強做大，成爲世界知名企業巨頭，市值高達1500億美元。最近大家熱議的是錘子公司的成長奇蹟。2012年，一位中國英語教師創立了錘子公司，以創新理念研發智能手機和手機操作系統，今年市值已達4億美元，3年增長了51倍。這樣從無到有、從微小到強大的創業成功案例，在當今的中國還有很多，它們爲中國經濟提供源源不斷的新動力。
The vitality of the Chinese economy comes from entrepreneurship and innovation. The Chinese government has adopted vigorous measures to promote mass entrepreneurship and innovation, streamline administration procedure, lower threshold and costs of doing business, and stimulate entrepreneurial passion. For the past one and a half year, over 10,000 new businesses have been registered on a daily basis in China. The stories of Chinese companies such as Xiaomi and Alibaba are popular and inspiring in India. Established five years ago with only a dozen people, Xiaomi has its market value soaring to $45 billion now. Alibaba, through innovation, has become a world-renowned corporate giant with $150 billion market value. Recently, another Chinese smart phone company, Smartisan’s growth miracle has caught much attention. In 2012, a Chinese English teacher founded Smartisan with innovative ideas to develop smart phones and their operating system. Its market capitalization reached $400 million within three years, an increase of 51 times. In China, there are many such successful companies, which grow from scratch to strength and provide a steady stream of new momentum for the Chinese economy.

中國經濟的活力來自中國百姓的消費。互聯網經濟和分享經濟，讓中國人生活更便捷，也激發了消費需求。普通百姓可通過網絡預約廚師上門服務，廚師自帶全套廚具和食材，用戶在家中吃到五星級飯店的美味佳餚，花費卻遠低於五星級飯店的價格，還免去了買菜洗碗的辛勞。阿里巴巴提供的網絡交易平臺，交易額佔到中國零售市場的12%，用戶高達3.67億，每天要發送3000萬件快遞包裹。經濟形勢好的時候，中國人習慣存錢，居安思危，現在世界經濟和中國經濟都遇到了困難，中國百姓手裏有充足的錢可以花，消費繼續呈增長趨勢。
The vitality of the Chinese economy comes from the domestic consumption. Internet economy and sharing economy have made Chinese people’s living more convenient while boosting consumption. For example, ordinary people can make an appointment online with chef on-site service and a chef comes to your house with a full set of kitchen utensils and ingredients. This way, you can enjoy the intimacy of home-dining and luxury of 5-star food without 5-star price, and the best part, you don’t even need to do the shopping beforehand and do the dishes afterwards. The online trading platform run by Alibaba accounts for 12 percent of China’s retail market, with up to 367 million users and 30 million express parcels delivered every day. The Chinese people always save for the rainy day, even in good days. So now despite the difficulties in the global economy, the Chinese people have plenty of money to spend, contributing to consumption increase.

中國發展已經並將繼續給世界帶來機遇，中國歡迎各國搭載順風車。中國提出“一帶一路”倡議，創建亞洲基礎設施投資銀行，目的就是與各國分享發展機遇。去年中國對世界經濟增長的貢獻率約爲25.8%，今年上半年，中國對世界經濟增長的貢獻率增至約30%。中國已是世界上120多個國家和地區的最大貿易伙伴。
China’s development has brought and will continue to bring opportunities to the world. And we welcome other countries to board China’s express train of development. The purpose of China raising the “belt and road” initiative and setting up the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank is to share development opportunities with other countries. Last year, China’s contribution to global economic growth was 25.8 percent, and in the first half of this year it increased to about 30 percent. China is now the largest trading partner of more than 120 countries and regions in the world.

中國重視與周邊國家加強合作，印度是中國周邊最大的發展合作伙伴之一。過去一年間，中印關係發展迅猛，習近平主席和莫迪總理五次會面，兩國國內“中國熱”和“印度熱”不斷升溫，雙方經貿投資合作日漸加速。截止今年6月底，中國對印累計直接投資已達27億美元，中國萬達、百度等企業巨頭也準備來印投資，萬達計劃未來10年投資150億美元興建文化中心和工業園區。中國鐵路總公司從7個國家的12家公司中脫穎而出，中標德里至孟買高鐵的可行性研究項目。印度7月30日開始向中國公民簽發電子旅遊簽證，8月來印中國遊客已翻番，今年來印觀光旅遊的中國人數將大幅增長。中印經濟合作將迎來新高潮。中國是“世界工廠”，印度被稱爲“世界辦公室”，兩國應加速發展戰略對接，攜手讓中國鳳凰和印度孔雀飛得更高。
China attaches importance to strengthening cooperation with neighboring countries, and India is among our largest development partners. Over the past year, President Xi Jinping and PM Modi met 5 times, including their mutual visits. The fast growing relationship between China and India has generated growing passion in each other and the all-round dynamism in our two societies to engage with each other. Chinese accumulative investment in India almost tripled to $2.7 billion to the end of this June. Businesses are eager to explore each other’s market. The Chinese conglomerate Wanda Group is planning to invest $15 billion in the next 10 years in the construction of entertainment and industrial parks. China Railway wins the bid of Delhi-Mumbai high-speed rail project feasibility study out of 12 companies from 7 countries. India launched e-visa for Chinese tourists, a move that has and will significantly boost tourism and people-to-people exchanges. In August alone, Chinese tourists visiting India has doubled. With growing passion, China-Indian economic cooperation will usher in a new climax. China is known as the “world factory”, and India the “world office”. We can better align our development strategies, and work together to make Chinese phoenix and Indian peacock fly higher.