2020年12月四六級翻譯預測（8）
大家好，四六級考試臨近，本小編爲了幫助廣大考生過級，特開闢新欄目，考前每天一篇翻譯練習（選取最有可能考的翻譯題材、段落），供大家日常練習用。
聲明：押題只是練習翻譯手感，積累話題詞彙，練習常考句式結構，切勿迷信。
一、唐詩
1. 原文
唐詩(Tang poetry )泛指創作於唐代(618年-907年)的詩。
唐詩是漢族最珍貴的文化遺產之一，同時也對周邊民族和國家的文化發展產生了很大影響。
唐詩中流傳最廣的當屬收錄在《唐詩三百首》(Three Hundred Poems of the TangDynasty)中的詩歌，裏面收錄的許多詩篇都爲後人所熟知。
唐代的詩人特別多，其中李白、杜甫等都是世界聞名的偉大詩人，他們的作品有很多都是膾炙人口的詩篇。
參考翻譯
Tang poetry generally refers to poems written during the Tang Dynasty (618 A.D.-907A.D.).
Tang poetry is one of the most valuable cultural heritages of the Han Chinese. Meanwhile, it also has a great influence on the cultural development of neighboring ethnic groups and nations.
The most widely spread among Tang poems are definitely the poems that are included in the “Three Hundred Poems of the Tang Dynasty”，many of which are quite popular with people of later generations.
There are lots of poets in the Tang Dynasty, among whom Li Bai and Du Fu are world-famous. Many of the two great poets’ works are household poems.
難點點撥
1.泛指：翻譯爲generally refer to,其中“泛”即一般來說，故譯爲 generally 即可。
2.漢族：應譯爲Han Chinese。
3.產生了很大影響：用固定短語have a great influenceon...來表達即可。
4.流傳最廣：翻譯爲the most widely spread, “流傳”用動詞spread表達，而表示範圍的最廣譯爲副詞widely即可。注意此處的spread爲spread的過去分詞形式，表被動意義。
5.膾炙人口的詩篇：翻譯爲household poems,其中膾炙人口用形容詞 household表達，即“家喻戶曉”。
2. 原文
唐詩(Tang poetry)是中國珍貴的文化遺產，在中國文學和詩歌中佔據重要地位。
唐朝是中國詩歌的黃金時代，《全唐詩》(Complete Tang Poems)收錄了2200多位詩人所作的近5萬首唐詩。
唐代的詩人特別多，李白、杜甫、白居易是世界聞名的偉大詩人。
唐詩的題材非常廣泛，從自然現象、政治動態(dynamics)到社會風俗、個人感受，幾乎包括生活的方方面面。
《唐詩三百首》(300 Tang Poems)是後人編選的最受歡迎的唐詩集，在現代社會流傳廣泛，很多詩歌被中國的中小學語文教科書所採用。
參考翻譯
The Tang poetry, a precious cultural heritage of China, occupied a significant place in the field of Chinese literature and Chinese poetry.
Tang Dynasty was the golden age of Chinese poetry. The Complete Tang Poems collected almost 50,000 Tang poems written by over 2,200 poets.
There were a large number of poets in Tang Dynasty, among whom Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi were the greatest poets renowned in the world.
The subjects of Tang poetry were rather extensive, ranging from natural phenomena and political dynamics to social customs and personal feelings, embracing almost every aspect of people's lives.
The 300 Tang Poems was a collection of the most popular Tang poems compiled by the later generations. In modern society, it is so widespread that many of the poems have been adopted in the Chinese language textbooks of primary schools and secondary schools.
難點點撥
1.第一句漢語的重心在後半句，因此可將“唐詩在中國文學和詩歌中佔據重要地位”譯爲英語的主句，“是中國珍貴的文化遺產”可譯作“唐詩”的同位語或定語從句。
2.第二句由兩個短句組成，敘述了兩個不同的事物，即“唐朝”和“《全唐詩》”，因此難以建立內在聯繫，可拆譯爲兩個獨立句子。後一句的主幹是“《全唐詩》收錄了近5萬首唐詩”;“2200多位詩人所作的”可採用過去分詞短語writtenby...作後置定語。
3.第三句“唐代的詩人特別多…”前後部分的內容存在包含和被包含的關係，可考慮將“唐代詩人特別多”作爲主句，後半句處理爲among whom...引導的定語從句。
4.第四句“唐詩的題材非常廣泛…”較長，可考慮將句子的中心“唐詩的題材非常廣泛”譯爲主幹;“從…到…”和“幾乎包括…”隱含的邏輯主語都是“唐詩的題材”，可考慮將後半部分處理爲現在分詞短語作狀語的形式，即ranging from...to...和 embracing...。
5.最後一句較長，可考慮拆譯爲兩句。“《唐詩三百首》是最受歡迎的唐詩集”相爲前一句的主幹，“後人編選的” 譯爲過去分詞短語作後置定語。後一句可採用so...that句型，將“流傳廣泛”作爲主句，增譯主語it，指代《唐詩三百首》，即is so widespread;“很多詩歌被...”譯爲that引導的結果狀語從句。
3. 原文
唐代是中國古典詩歌的鼎盛時期，在不到300年的時間裏，產生了許多著名的詩人和詩作。
時至今日，有超過5萬首唐詩和2000多位唐代詩人爲人們所熟知。
其中，唐代最著名的詩人是李白和杜甫。
李白生性無拘無束，才華橫溢，他創作了大量讚美祖國大好河山的詩篇。
杜甫年輕時坎坷的生活經歷，使他更好地瞭解了社會的黑暗和人民的困苦。
最流行的唐詩作品集或許是由清朝的學者孫洙編著的《唐詩三百首》(300 Tang Poems)。
唐詩一直在影響着世界文學和現代詩歌。
參考翻譯
The Tang Dynasty was the peak of Chinese classical poetry and many distinguished poets and poetry appeared during this period of less than 300 years.
Up till now, over 50,000 poems and 2,000 poets of the Tang Dynasty have been well-known among people.
The best-known poets during the Tang Dynasty are Li Bai and Du Fu.
Being independent and full of talent, Li Bai created a great many poems to praise the wonderful mountains and brilliant rivers.
Du Fu's rough experiences when he was young made him know better about the darkness of society and the people's sufferings.
The most popular Tang poems collection might be the 300 Tang Poems compiled by the scholar Sun Zhu of the Qing Dynasty.
Tang poetry has had an ongoing influence on world literature and modern poetry.
難點點撥
1.鼎盛時期：可譯爲peak，原意爲“頂峯，頂點”。
2.無拘無束：可譯爲independent，它有“不願受約束的，嚮往自由的”之意。
3.才華橫溢：可譯爲full of talent。
4.大好河山：即“美好的山河”，可譯爲wonderful mountains and brilliant rivers。
5.社會的黑暗和人民的困苦：可譯爲the darkness of society and the people's sufferings.
6.一直在影響着…：可譯爲have an ongoing influence on…
二、宋詞
原文
宋詞(Song Ci)是古代詩歌的一種，可以配樂歌唱，又稱曲子詞。
因爲宋詞句子長短不一，所以又稱“長短句(Changduanju)”。
詞有各種曲調，因此演唱方式多種多樣。
詞在宋朝達到鼎盛時期。
和唐詩一樣，宋詞在中國文學史上佔有重要地位。
在詞的發展過程中，涌現出很多傑出的詞人，如蘇軾、李清照、辛棄疾、陸游等。
如今宋詞仍然很受歡迎。
《宋詞三百首》(Three Hundred Song Ci Poems)一書非常流行，很多著名的詞作都被重新譜曲演唱。
參考翻譯
Song Ci is one form of ancient poetry and can be sung to music，thus it's also called musical Ci poetry.
Since the length of the lines in a Ci poem can vary, it is also called Changduanju (lines of irregular lengths).
Due to various tunes used for them, Ci poems can be sung in different ways.
Ci poetry reached its peak during the Song Dynasty.
Like Tang poetry, Song Ci poetry plays an important role in the history of Chinese literature as well.
In the process of its development, a lot of prominent Ci composers appeared such as Su Shi, LiQingzhao, Xin Qiji, and Lu You, etc.
Song Ci remains popular even today.
The book Three Hundred Song Ci Poems is very popular, and a good number of famous Ci poems have been set to new tunes for singing.
難點點撥
1. 可以配樂歌唱：即“可以隨着音樂歌唱”，可譯爲can be sung to music。這裏注意介詞to的應用，在表示“伴隨音樂”的時候用介詞to，例如dance to music(隨着音樂起舞)。
2.又稱：即“也被稱做”，可譯爲be known as 或 be also called.
三、元曲
原文
元曲(Yuan opera)是中國一種別具一格的文學形式和戲劇形式。
它首先流行於民間，內容充滿了生活氣息。
元曲有固定的格式，但相比於唐詩宋詞(Tang and Song poetry)，有較大的靈活性。
歷史上涌現了一批傑出元曲劇作家(playwright)，其中以關漢卿最負盛名。
元曲和唐詩宋詞一樣，是中國古典文學的重要組成部分。
元曲的興起對於中國民族詩歌的發展和文化的繁榮有着深遠的影響。
參考翻譯
Yuan opera is a characteristic form of literature and drama in China.
It first became popular among common people as its content was full of the flavor of life.
Yuan opera has its own fixed form but is quite more flexible compared with Tang and Song poetry.
There appeared in history a number of outstanding playwrights of Yuan opera, among whom Guan Hanqing was the most famous, like Tang and Song poetry.
Yuan opera is an important part of Chinese classical literature.
The rising of Yuan opera has great influences on the development of national poetry and the prosperity of culture in China.
難點點撥
1.第2句中的兩個分句“它首先流行於民間”及“內容充滿了生活氣息”隱含因果關係，翻譯時可將這層關係譯出，把第2個分句處理爲as或for引導的原因狀語從句。該句中的“生活氣息”直譯爲flavor of life，該短語在文中實際上是指元曲講述的都是日常生活，故該句也可意譯爲its content filled with daily/social life。
2.翻譯第3句“元曲有固定的格式，但相比於唐詩宋詞，有較大的靈活性”時，爲了論述連貫，應將第2、3分句的位置對調。“相比於......”用短語compared with來表達。整句可譯爲Yuan opera has its... but is quite …compared with Tang and Song poetry
3.第4句中的“歷史上涌現了……”是無主語句，翻譯時可將“元曲劇作家”作爲句子的主語，譯作A number of... playwrights sprang up...；或者可用句型 There appeared in history...來表達。“其中以關卿......”處理成用among whom引導的非限制性定語從句，修飾前面的“元曲劇作家”,譯作among whom Guan Hanqing was the most famous。
4.第5句中的狀語“和唐詩宋詞一樣”表達爲Like Tang and Song poetry,置句首。“元曲”則移至後半句作主語，“元曲是中國古典文學的重要組成部分”譯作Yuan opera is an important part...。“中國古典文學的”用介詞短語 of Chinese classical literature 來表達。
