這些從屬連詞，你真的分清了嗎？

BECAUSE

因爲

Used to introduce a cause or a reason

用於介紹起因或原因

I didn’t answer your messages because I was out of the country.

我沒有回覆你的留言，因爲我出國了。

I’m not going to apologize just because you told me to.

我不會因爲你讓我道歉我就道歉。

Because my lower back kept hurting, I decided to finally go see a chiropractor.

因爲我的後背疼，所以我最終決定去看醫生。

SINCE

自從

Can be used to introduce a cause or a reason

可以用來介紹起因或原因

I decided to bake cupcakes, since it was Marjorie’s birthday.

因爲那是馬喬裏的生日，所以我決定烤蛋糕。

Since you’re always late, I’m going to start showing up late too.

因爲你總是遲到，我也打算晚到了。

Can also be used to indicate that something has been true starting from a certain point in time.

也可以用來表示某事從某個時間點開始是真實的。

I’ve been broke since my last vacation to Puerto Rico.

自從上次假期去了波多黎各旅遊，我已經破產了。

Ever since I was young, I’ve always wanted to become a scientist.

從我年輕的時候起，我就一直想成爲一名科學家。

What have you been up to since school ended?

放學後你一直在忙些什麼？

UNTIL

直到...

Can be used to indicate that an event only happens up to a certain point in time.

可以用來指某事只發生在某一時刻。

I usually sit around in my office until my boss gives me work to do.

我通常坐在辦公室裏，直到老闆給我工作做。

Until you came into my life, I wasn’t quite sure where I would find love.

直到你走進我的生活，我才確定在哪裏能找到愛。

When I was in college, I would study until I passed out at 3 or 4 in the morning.

在我上大學的時候，我會一直學習到凌晨3，4點。

WHEN

當...時

Can be used to indicate that two events happened simultaneously

可以用來表示兩個事件同時發生。

When it started to snow, everyone started posting statuses on Facebook.

當開始下雪時，每個人都開始在臉書社交軟件發佈狀態。

When the clock struck three, all the students immediately evacuated the classroom.

當鐘敲到三點時，所有的學生立即撤離教室。

I don’t know how to react when you yell at me like that.

我不知道你那樣對我大喊大叫時會有什麼反應。

WHENEVER

無論何時

Can be used to indicate that when one event happens at any point, so does another

可以用來表示當一事件發生在任意某一時刻時，另一個事件也發生。

Whenever I try to comfort people, I somehow make things worse.

每當我試圖安慰別人時，我就把事情弄得更糟。

I hate it whenever I run into coworkers outside of work.

我討厭在工作之外碰到同事。

Whenever you start feeling anxious, just try to breathe.

每當你開始感到焦慮時，試着深呼吸。

WHILE

當...時

Can be used to indicate that two things happen simultaneously. It emphasizes the continuousness of an action more than the conjunction “when.”

可以用來表示兩件事同時發生。相比於連詞“when”，它更強調動作的持續性。

I often get distracted while trying to study.

我經常在學習時分心。

It’s hard trying to take classes while also working two jobs.

做兩份工作還要同時上課學習是很困難的。

While my parents were away for the weekend, my brother and I decided to throw a house party.

我父母外出度週末時，我和弟弟決定舉行一個家庭派對。

Can also be used to switch from one idea to another

也可以用來表示從一種想法轉換到另一種。

While puppies are cute, they can be incredibly annoying to take care of.

雖然小狗很可愛，但照顧它們卻讓人很煩躁。

Neutral colors tend to go together easily, while other colors are harder to pair up well.

中性色易於搭配，而其他顏色則難以配對。

AS

當...

Can be used as an alternative to “while”

可以當做“同時”的替換詞

We can see what logistical problems come up as we move on with the project.

我們可以看到在我們繼續這個項目時，後勤問題出現了。

As the night drew on, the crowd became noisier and noisier.

當夜幕降臨的時候，人羣變得越來越吵。

My dad entered the driveway right as I called to see where he was.

當我打電話去看他在哪裏時，爸爸走進了車道。

Can also be used as an alternative to “since” or “because”

也可用作“自從”或“因爲”的替換詞

You should be careful going to the gym, as your ankle is still a little weak.

你去健身房要小心點兒，因爲你的腳踝還有點問題。

Can also be used to mean something like “in the manner of.” Can be emphasized by the word “just”

也可以用來表示“以...的方式”，可以用“just”這個詞來強調。

I wrote my essay with five paragraphs just as my professor told me to do in the instructions.

按照我教授告訴我的提示，我寫了五段文章。

I took the dog out three times a day just as you told me to.

按照你告訴我的那樣，我一天遛狗三次。

Just as you requested, here’s your coffee with soy milk instead of regular milk.

正如你所要求的，這是你的咖啡，用豆奶代替普通牛奶。

ONCE

一旦

Used to indicate that something has only been true since the occurrence of something else.

用來表明某事只有在另一件事發生後纔開始成爲事實

I only started to seriously rethink my life once I graduated college.

大學畢業後，我纔開始認真反思自己的生活。

Once I actually started going to museums, I realized that I really liked them.

一旦我真的開始去博物館，我意識到我真的很喜歡它們。

I don’t know how Jared is so charismatic. Once he starts a trend, everyone else quickly follows.

我不知道賈裏德是如此的有魅力。一旦他開始一種趨勢，其他人就會很快追隨。

IF

如果

Can be used to set up a condition in a hypothetical situation.

可以用來在假設的情況下建立一個條件。

If I lived alone, I’d play my muisc really loudly.

如果我獨自一人生活，我將把我的音樂播到最大。

I’ll scratch your back if you scratch mine.

如果你抓我的背，我也抓你的。

If something’s bothering you, don’t hesitate to tell me.

如果有什麼事困擾着你，請告訴我。

The conjunction “if” can be emphasized with the word “even.”

連詞“如果”可以用“even”來強調。

I wouldn’t tell you his secret even if you begged me.

即使你求我，我也不會告訴你他的祕密。

Even if I’m having a bad day, I try to be nice to people.

即使我今天過得不好，我也會對別人友善。

AS IF

好像，似乎

Can be used to mean something like “pretending that something were true”

可以用來表示“假設某事是真的”之類的情況

He treats me as if I were his sister, not his girlfriend.

他待我好像我是他的妹妹，而不是他的女朋友。

Don’t try to lecture me as if you actually knew what you were talking about.

別想教訓我，好像你真的知道你在說什麼似的。

You tend to brush most things off as if they’re no big deal.

你對大部分事情都避開不談，好像它們沒什麼大不了的。

LIKE

如

Can be used as an alternative to “just as.” Can be emphasized by the word “just.”

可以作爲“just as”的替換詞，可以用“just”這個詞來強調。

I did the dishes like you told me to.

我按照你告訴我的那樣洗碗。

The dish that was served looked just like it did in the menu.

上的菜看起來和菜單上的菜一樣。

Can also be used as an informal alternative to “as if”

也被用作“as if”的替換詞

Sometimes I feel like Keira ignores me on purpose.

有時候我覺得凱拉忽略了我的用意。

Don’t treat me like I’m an idiot.

別把我當成傻瓜。

UNLESS

除非

Can be used to introduce an exception to a statement

可以用於介紹一種情況的例外情形

The professor said not to email her unless you have a logistical question.

教授說除非你有邏輯上的問題，否則不要給她發電子郵件。

I personally won’t date you unless I find you attractive.

除非我覺得你很吸引人，否則我不會和你約會。

The visiting team is going to win unless the tables somehow turn last minute.

賭桌上直到最後一分鐘才能表明客隊贏了。

IN CASE

以防萬一

Can be used to mean something like “for the possibility that something might happen”

I sent the message twice in case the first one didn’t go through.

我發了兩次郵件，以防第一個郵件沒有發過去。

In case you’re wondering, the performance doesn’t end for another two hours.

以免你覺得奇怪，演出兩個小時後還不會結束。

Can you double check the document just in case there aren’t any errors?

你能仔細檢查一下文件，以防沒有錯誤嗎？

WHETHER

是否

A shortened form of “whether or not”

“whether or not”的縮寫形式

I’m not sure whether we’ll be able to hit everything on the itinerary.

我不確定我們是否能把行程中的一切都安排好。

Can you tell whether this was handwritten?

你能斷定這是手寫的嗎？

Do you care whether I’m in the room while you’re on the phone?

你在打電話時介意我在房間裏嗎？

ALTHOUGH

儘管

Can be used to mean “despite the fact that” or “regardless of the fact that”

可以用來表示“儘管事實是...”或“不顧事實...”

Although he was a bit rude, people still found him funny and hung out with him.

雖然他有點粗魯，但人們還是覺得他很有趣，跟他混在一起。

Although the party was dull, I was still happy to see you guys.

雖然聚會很無聊，但我還是很高興見到你們。

My dad claims that he’s German and Dutch, although he’s also a compulsive liar.

我爸爸聲稱他是德國人和荷蘭人，儘管他是個愛說謊的人。

THOUGH

An alternative to “although.” Can be emphasized with the word “even.”

“although”的替換詞，可以用“even”來修飾。

I finally finished the video, though the editing is a bit choppy.

我終於做完了視頻，雖然剪輯時有點小狀況。

Even though I hate rollercoasters, I went on one after my friends forced me.

儘管我討厭過山車，在我的朋友要求我的時候，我還是去了一個。

I tried escargot for the first time in Paris, though I can’t quite say that I enjoyed it.

我在巴黎第一次吃蝸牛，雖然我不能說喜歡它。

AS SOON AS

一...就...

Can be used to indicate that one event happened at the same time as or directly after another event. It’s similar to the correlative conjunctions “no sooner…than” and “hardly…when.”

可以用來表示一件事和另一件事同時發生，或者直接發生在另一事件之後。它類似於關聯詞“no sooner...than”和“hardly...when”。

As soon as you’re all packed, we’ll put everything in the car and go.

你們一收拾好東西，我們就把它們放到車裏然後出發。

Can you let me know as soon as you’re done with the assignment?

你完成任務後能告訴我嗎？

I saw your eyes light up as soon as I said the word “ice cream.”

我剛一說“冰淇淋”這個詞，你的眼睛就亮了。

AS LONG AS

只要

Can be used to indicate that one thing is true only under the condition that another thing is true.

可以用來表示只有在另一事發生的情況下，這件事纔會發生。

I’ll be happy as long as you remember to call me when you’re gone.

只要你記得走了以後給我打電話，我就會很高興的。

As long as it’s below 60 degrees, you won’t catch me wearing short sleeves.

只要低於60度，你就不會穿短袖了。

I’ll always tip a waiter as long as they’re a decent server.

只要服務員是相當不錯的服務員，我就隨時給小費。

Another alternative is “so long as.”

另一個替換詞是“so long as”

You should be able to do whatever you want so long as you’re happy and healthy.

只要你快樂健康，你就可以做任何你想做的事。

PROVIDED (THAT)

只要

A more formal alternative to “as long as”

"as long as"更爲正式的替換詞

The manager will give you a day off work provided you give a valid reason for it.

只要你給出合理的理由，經理會給你一天假。

Provided that you worked hard and participated all semester, the professor might cut your final grade some slack.

只要你整個學期都努力學習並且積極參與，教授就會放你一馬。

BEFORE

在...之前

Used to introduce the earlier event in a pair of events

用於介紹一對事件中的較早的一件事

We should meet up and grab lunch before this week is over.

我們應該在這個星期結束之前聚在一起吃頓午飯。

Before we move on any further, do you have any questions?

在我們進一步討論之前，你還有什麼問題嗎？

I told you to use the bathroom before we left the rest stop.

我告訴過你，在離開休息室之前先去一下洗手間。

AFTER

在...之後

Used to introduce the later event in a pair of events

用於在一對事件中，介紹較後的一事件

My friend fell into a coma after he got in a car accident.

我的朋友在車禍後陷入昏迷狀態。

After the movie is over, do you want to grab food somewhere?

電影結束後，你想去哪裏吃東西嗎？

We decided to order pizza after you fell asleep.

我們決定在你睡着後點比薩餅。

IN THAT

因爲

Can be used to specify the respect to which something is true

可以用來指定某事的真實性

He’s a smart person in that he knows how to act around different people.

他是個聰明的人，因爲他知道如何面對不同的人。

I was extremely lucky in that the police decided not to check my belongings.

我非常幸運，因爲警察決定不檢查我的物品。

The stage setting was excellent in that it really caught the eye yet with a minimalist design.

舞臺佈景很棒，因爲雖設計簡約，但它確實吸引了人們的眼球。

NOW THAT

既然

Can be used to indicate that a situation has changed with the occurrence of an event

可以用來表示情況隨事件的發生而改變

Now that I’m eighteen, I can finally vote in my first election.

現在我既然已經十八歲了，我終於可以在我的第一次選舉中投票了。

I can think a bit clearer now that I’ve had my coffee.

既然我喝了咖啡，我就可以更清楚地想一想了。

We should think about going to the park now that the weather is a bit nicer.

既然天氣稍微好了一點，我們就應該考慮去公園了。

SO (THAT)

如此...以至於

Can be used to express a purpose or intention

可以用來表達目的或意圖

I took some pictures on my vacation so you could see.

我在假期裏拍了一些照片，這樣你就可以看到了。

If you see an ambulance behind you, always pull over so that it can get through.

如果你看到一輛救護車在你身後，你一定要靠邊停車，以便它能通過。

Can you make the link shareable so I can view it?

你能把鏈接共享以便我能看到嗎？