孕期吃多種維生素能讓你的孩子更聰明

If you're holding off on prenatal vitamins after hearing they are useless, you might want to reconsider. In 2016, a review of previous research blew everyone's minds (and made us all feel like we were victims of some vitamin company scam) when they suggested prenatal vitamins, which can cost up to $30 a bottle, are a waste of money. Instead, they said, women should focus on their diets while taking only folic acid and Vitamin D.

如果你聽說產前吃維生素沒用就停止服用的話，也許你需要再思量思量了。2016年，一項有關先前研究的再研究令衆人大吃一驚：他們指出產前維生素實則就是浪費錢財，而每瓶維生素則高達30美元（人人都覺得自己就像是維生素公司騙局的受害者）。相反他們說，女性只需服用葉酸和維生素D，並應注意自己的飲食。

But yesterday, an international team of researchers found that children of moms who took multivitamins during pregnancy were as much as a full year ahead in schooling when it came to their cognitive abilities between 9 to 12 years of age.

但是昨天，一個國際研究小組發現：那些孕期服用多種維生素的女性，她們的孩子在9至12歲期間的認知能力要比學校教育高出一年。

This is especially the case for anemic mothers or women who don't regularly get enough vitamins and minerals from their diets alone.

這對於貧血的母親或女性來說更是如此，因爲她們不單單從飲食中定期獲得足夠的維他命和礦物質。

The study, published in the journal Lancet Global Health, followed almost 3,000 9- to 12-year-old children in Indonesia whose moms participated is an earlier study that looked into the effects of pregnancy supplements.

該項研究對近3000名9至12歲的印度尼西亞兒童進行了研究，他們的母親也參與了該項目，研究結果刊登在《柳葉刀全球衛生》期刊上，是一項有關孕期補充劑影響的較早研究。

Kids of pregnant moms who were give multivitamins (which contained iron, folic acid, retinol, vitamin d, vitamin e, ascorbic acid, vitamin b, niacin, zinc, copper selenium and iodine) had better procedural memory, which is about half a year of schooling ahead, than those who took standard iron-folic acid supplements, which is what present global policy recommends. Procedural memory is super important for kids in learning new skills and processing already established ones. It plays a part in anything from driving and typing to reading and speaking.

相比那些服用標準鐵—葉酸補充劑（這也是當今全球政策推薦的補充劑）孕婦所生的孩子而言，那些服用多種維生素（包括鐵元素、葉酸、視黃醇、維生素D、維生素E、抗血壞酸、維他命B、煙酸、鋅元素、銅硒和碘）孕婦所生的孩子擁有更好的程序記憶，大約超出學校教育半年。在小朋友們學習新技能和處理已學到的技能方面，程序記憶至關重要。從駕駛到打字、再到閱讀和說話，程序記憶都起着作用。

Another really surprising find in the study is that children's brain development and general intellectual ability isn't as affected by biological factors (think premature birth, low infant birth weight, poor nutrition of mom and/or baby), but by children's socio-environmental factors. In other words, things like maternal depression, home life and parental education can strongly influence how smart your kid is in the long-run.

該研究中另一個令人驚奇的發現就是：兒童的大腦發育和一般智力不受生物因素（比如早產，嬰兒出生時體重輕，母親和/或嬰兒營養不良）的影響，而是受到兒童社會環境因素的影響。換言之，從長遠角度來看，母親的抑鬱、家庭生活和父母的教育水平在很大程度上影響着孩子的智力水平。

"No one on the team had anticipated the extent to which social and environmental factors would exceed biological factors as the determinants of cognitive function, two to three-fold, by some measurements," said Dr. Husni Muadz of University of Mataram, Indonesia.

“研究小組中從沒有人想過一些測量結果會表明社會環境因素對認知功能的決定性高出生物因素兩到三倍之多，”印度尼西亞馬塔蘭大學的Husni Muadz博士說道。