國際調查定論 MH17被俄導彈擊落

A Dutch-led criminal investigation into the loss of Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 in 2014 has said the aircraft was downed by a missile brought in from Russia and fired from territory held by Moscow-backed rebels in eastern Ukraine.

由荷蘭牽頭的針對馬來西亞航空公司(Malaysia Airlines) MH17航班2014年墜毀的刑事調查宣佈，這架飛機是被從俄羅斯引進、從烏克蘭東部由莫斯科支持的叛軍佔領的領土發射的一枚導彈擊落的。

A team of international investigators has been gathering evidence in an attempt to identify those responsible for the act that killed all 298 people aboard the Boeing 777 en route from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur.

國際調查團隊一直在進行取證工作，試圖指認誰要對從阿姆斯特丹飛往吉隆坡的那架波音(Boeing) 777飛機上全部298人遇難負責。

The findings of the Joint Investigation Team, which includes Australian, Belgium and Malaysian prosecutors, follow the publication last year of a report by Dutch air accident investigators that concluded the jet was brought down by a missile fired by a sophisticated Russian-made Buk surface-to-air system.

包括澳大利亞、比利時和馬來西亞檢察官的這個聯合調查組發佈調查結果之前，荷蘭航空事故調查機構去年發表一份報告，結論是MH17是被俄羅斯製造的山毛櫸(Buk)先進地對空導彈系統發射的一枚導彈擊落的。

That report did not apportion blame.

那份報告沒有追究是誰發射了導彈。

Russia has repeatedly rejected any involvement and pointed the finger at the Ukrainian military, but has changed its version of events a number of times.

俄羅斯一再否認自己有任何牽連，並把矛頭指向烏克蘭軍方，但已多次改變其對事件經過的指稱。

On Monday the Russian ministry of defence released data from radars and a drone monitoring the rebel-held side of the conflict that it said established no projectiles approached the jet from the rebel side, suggesting the missile was fired from Ukrainian territory.

週一，俄羅斯國防部公佈了來自雷達和監視叛軍地盤的無人機的數據，稱數據表明沒有導彈從叛軍一方射向馬航飛機，暗示導彈是從烏克蘭政府軍所控制領土發射的。

Wilbert Paulissen, the Dutch chief investigator, said yesterday that the new Russian evidence did not change the JIT’s conclusion that the missile system was brought in from Russia and was fired from rebel-held territory.

荷蘭首席調查員威爾伯特•保利森(Wilbert Paulissen)昨日表示，俄方的新證據沒有改變聯合調查組的結論，即導彈系統是從俄羅斯引進，並從叛軍控制的領土發射的。

Russia’s position on MH17 has shifted.

俄羅斯對MH17的立場幾經轉變。

In the immediate aftermath of the incident officials in Moscow claimed the plane was shot down by a missile fired from a Ukrainian combat aircraft — a theory that has been discredited and was dismissed yesterday by the Dutch-led investigation.

事件過後不久，莫斯科官員們聲稱，該機是被一架烏克蘭戰機發射的一枚導彈擊落的——自那以來這一理論已被證明站不住腳，由荷蘭牽頭的調查昨日排除了這一可能。

Moscow eventually admitted that it was brought down by a Russian-made Buk missile, but claimed it was an older version that was no longer in service with its armed forces but was still used by the Ukrainians.

莫斯科最終承認，該機是被一枚俄製山毛櫸導彈擊落的，但聲稱那是一個比較老舊的型號，已不在俄羅斯部隊服役，而烏克蘭軍隊仍在使用。

Mr Paulissen produced photographs of what he said was the Buk launcher, along with various excerpts from recordings that he said proved the missile was launched from a field near the village of Pervomaiskiy, just south of the town of Snizhne, in rebel-held territory.

保利森出示了被他稱爲山毛櫸導彈發射車的照片，還有各種錄音片段，他稱這些資料證明導彈是從叛軍控制地區斯尼日內鎮(Snizhne)以南的Pervomaiskiy村附近的田裏發射的。

The JIT used these to produce an animated video showing the route taken by the launcher.

聯合調查組使用這些資料製作了一段動畫視頻，顯示涉案發射車經過的路線。

Mr Paulissen also produced evidence that he said showed the launcher came from Russia and crossed back over the border within hours of it shooting down MH17 on July 17.

保利森還出示相關證據稱，該發射車來自俄羅斯，並在7月17日擊落MH17後幾小時內撤回俄羅斯境內。

Dismissing the recent Russian evidence, he said: From the wealth and diversity of the other evidence gathered by the JIT, we have no doubt whatsoever the conclusions that we’re presenting today are accurate and that conclusion is that on 17 July [2014] flight MH17 was shot down by a Buk missile, shot from farmland in Pervomaiskiy and the system was brought in from the Russian Federation territory and then returned to the Russian Federation afterwards.

他否認了俄羅斯最近提交的證據的有效性，稱：從聯合調查組收集的大量且多個來源的其他證據看，我們毫不懷疑我們今日陳述的結論是準確的，這個結論就是，2014年7月17日，MH17航班被一枚山毛櫸導彈擊落，這枚導彈是從Pervomaiskiy的農田發射的，導彈系統是從俄羅斯聯邦的領土引進的，之後返回俄羅斯聯邦。

Investigators played recordings of phone conversations between two Russian speakers discussing the need to bring in a Buk-like system to help the rebels in the days ahead of the shooting down of MH17, to counter increasingly successful air strikes by the Ukrainian air force.

調查人員播放了兩名說俄語者在MH17被擊落之前幾天的電話交談錄音，他們在討論需要引進類似山毛櫸導彈的系統，以幫助叛軍反制烏克蘭空軍日益成功的空襲。

Ukraine’s foreign ministry said the evidence puts an end to all of the Russian Federation’s attempts to discredit activities of the Joint Investigation Team and conclusions by spreading distorted or fabricated information.

烏克蘭外交部表示，這些證據徹底挫敗了俄羅斯聯邦通過散佈歪曲或僞造信息來詆譭聯合調查組活動和結論的所有企圖。