美國譴責遼寧鴻祥幫助朝鮮躲避制裁
HONG KONG — The United States Justice Department has filed criminal charges against a Chinese executive, accusing her, the company she owns and several of her colleagues of violating American sanctions meant to choke off funding to North Korean companies that help Pyongyang developnuclear weapons.
香港——美國司法部對一名中國公司高管提出刑事起訴，指控她本人、她擁有的公司，以及她的幾名同事違反了美國針對朝鮮的制裁。這些制裁旨在阻止資金流入爲平壤的核武器發展提供幫助的朝鮮公司。
Ma Xiaohong, 44, is the owner of Dandong Hongxiang Industrial Development Company, a trading company that in one year, according to United States officials, handled more than one-fifth of the commerce between North Korea and China.
44歲的馬曉紅是貿易企業丹東鴻祥實業發展有限公司的老闆，美國官員表示，該公司一年經手的中朝貿易額佔兩國貿易總值的五分之一以上。
She and her colleagues worked with Kwangson Banking, a North Korean bank that has been the subject of American sanctions for years, to set up shell companies in Hong Kong and offshore tax havens to disguise the activity, the Justice Department said in a statement released Monday.
美國司法部在週一發佈的聲明中說：馬曉紅及其同事與美國長期的制裁對象光鮮銀行(Kwangson Banking)一起，在香港和離岸避稅港設立殼公司，掩蓋交易活動。
On Aug. 3, a federal judge in New Jersey signed a sealed indictment against Ms Ma, her company and three of her colleagues, charges that were made public on Monday.
8月3日，新澤西州的一位聯邦法官簽署了針對馬曉紅、她的公司及其三名同事的密封起訴書。起訴書在本週一公之於衆。
Justice Department officials traveled to Beijing to alert Chinese officials to the activity, and this month the Chinese police opened their own criminal investigation into the company, which is based in Dandong, a Chinese city across the Yalu River from North Korea.
美國司法部官員曾前往北京，將該公司的活動通報給了中國官員，中國警方已在本月啓動了自己的刑事調查。鴻翔公司的總部設在鴨綠江邊的中國城市丹東，朝鮮就在江的對岸。
Last week, researchers in South Korea and the United States published a report that said Dandong Hongxiang exported materials to North Korea that included aluminum oxide, which can be used in the production of nuclear weapons.
上週，韓國和美國的研究人員發佈了一份報告，稱丹東鴻翔出口到朝鮮的材料中包括氧化鋁，氧化鋁可用於核武器的製造。
China is North Korea’s largest trading partner.
中國是朝鮮最大的貿易伙伴。
In addition to the criminal charges against Ms Ma and her colleagues, the Justice Department, in a separate civil suit, is seeking to seize funds in 25 Chinese bank accounts that it says were used by Dandong Hongxiang and its front companies.
除了對馬曉紅及其同事提出刑事起訴之外，美國司法部還在一起另行提出的民事訴訟中，尋求凍結25箇中國的銀行賬戶中的資金，司法部稱丹東鴻翔以及爲其打掩護的公司使用這些賬戶。
The shell companies set up by Dandong Hongxiang, stretching from Hong Kong to the Seychelles in the Indian Ocean to the British Virgin Islands in the Caribbean, were used to register bank accounts in China, hiding the North Korean origin of the funds and hence engaging in money laundering, the United States charged.
丹東鴻翔設立的殼公司遍佈在從香港到印度洋島國塞舌爾、再到加勒比海的英屬維爾京羣島等許多地方，這些公司被用來在中國註冊銀行賬戶，隱瞞資金來自朝鮮的事實，美國指控那是在從事洗錢活動。
In some instances, those banks dealt with American lenders, so-called correspondent banks, to help facilitate dollar-denominated transactions, the Justice Department said.
美國司法部說，在某些情況下，那些銀行與美國貸款機構、即所謂的代理銀行打交道，爲以美元結算的交易提供方便。
The United States and Chinese banks involved are not being accused of wrongdoing, the department said in the statement.
司法部在聲明中說，此案中牽涉到的美國和中國銀行未受不法行爲的指控。
The charges unsealed today reflect our nation’s commitment to using all tools to deter and disrupt weapons of mass destruction proliferators, John P. Carlin, the assistant attorney general for national security, said in the statement.
今天啓封的指控，反映了我國致力於使用所有手段來阻止和中斷大規模殺傷性武器研發的決心，分管國家安全的司法部助理部長約翰•P•卡林(John P Carlin)在聲明中說。
One of the strengths of our sanctions programs is they prevent sanctioned wrongdoers from engaging in U.S. dollar transactions.
我們的制裁方案的優勢之一是，阻止受制裁的違法者進行以美元結算的交易。
But the sanctions against the North Korean bank, announced in 2009, did not stop Dandong Hongxiang from disguising their business for seven years, the United States alleges.
但是，美國的指控表明，2009年宣佈的針對那家朝鮮銀行的制裁，並沒有阻止丹東鴻翔隱瞞兩家之間長達七年的業務。
Some of the Paperwork that Ms Ma and her colleagues filed to set up shell companies is contained in the Panama Papers, the massive trove of leaked records about offshore companies that was made public this year by the Washington-based International Consortium of Investigative Journalists.
馬曉紅及其同事爲設立殼公司提交的一些文件出現在巴拿馬文件(Panama Papers)中。巴拿馬文件指的是總部設在華盛頓的國際調查記者同盟(International Consortium of Investigative Journalists)今年公開的曝光離岸公司記錄的大量數據。
Mossack Fonseca, the Panamanian law firm whose files were leaked, helped set up some of Dandong Hongxiang’s shell companies, and the documents show that at least in one instance, it appeared to do little to comply with rules that even lax offshore jurisdictions set up to help prevent money laundering.
這些泄露的文件來自巴拿馬律師事務所莫薩克-馮塞卡(Mossack Fonseca)，這家律所幫助設立了丹東鴻翔的幾家殼公司。文件顯示，至少在其中一家公司的設立上，該律所似乎沒有遵守有關規則，而這些離岸司法管轄區爲防止洗錢所制定的規則已經是非常鬆的。
Those documents show that in May 2011, two years after Ms Ma set up her joint-venture company with the North Korean bank, she registered a shell company in the Seychelles, the Indian Ocean island nation that in recent years has become a haven for money laundering because of its corporate secrecy rules.
這些文件顯示，在馬曉紅與那家朝鮮銀行成立合資公司兩年後的2011年5月，她在印度洋島國塞舌爾註冊了一家殼公司。由於塞舌爾的公司保密規定，近年來，該國已成爲洗錢活動的保護地。
The dozens of leaked internal emails about the shell company, Sky Bright Development, do not reveal its purpose, but such shells can be used to hold stakes in other companies or to set up bank accounts that are extremely difficult to trace.
這家殼公司叫Sky Bright Development，泄露出來的有關該公司的幾十封內部電子郵件並未透露設立公司的目的，但可以用這類殼公司來持有其他公司的股權，或在其名下設立銀行賬戶，使資金的來源極難追溯。
The registration was facilitated by Mossack Fonseca, which specializes in setting up offshore companies for clients around the world, and whose biggest market is China.
這家殼公司的註冊是在莫薩克-馮塞卡律所的幫助下完成的，該律所專門爲世界各地的客戶設立離岸公司，他們最大的市場是中國。
Mossack Fonseca conducted a search to find out whether Ms Ma had any criminal background or was a politically exposed person, or P.E.P. — usually an individual with a government post, or a relative of such a person.
莫薩克-馮塞卡律所做了點查詢，以確定馬曉紅是否有犯罪背景，或是否屬於政治敏感人物（politically exposed person，簡稱PEP），這通常指的是擔任政府職位的個人或其親戚。
Seychelles requires extra scrutiny when such people set up offshore companies, including efforts to verify the source of the company’s funds, because of the possibility that they are doing so to conceal corruption.
塞舌爾對PEP設立離岸公司有額外的審查要求，包括證實公司的資金來源，因爲有一種可能是這類人通過離岸公司來隱藏腐敗行爲。
In this case, an online search conducted by Mossack Fonseca determined that Ms Ma was in fact a P.E.P., showing in its first result that she was a lawmaker in her home province of Liaoning in China, according to the leaked records.
泄露的資料顯示，就馬曉紅的情況而言，莫薩克-馮塞卡律所進行的網上檢索表明，她確實是PEP，檢索結果的第一條就顯示她是老家遼寧省的人大代表。
Yet Mossack Fonseca’s own internal records subsequently indicated that Ms Ma had not been designated a politically exposed person.
然而，該律所的內部記錄後來顯示，馬曉紅並未被認定爲政治敏感人物。
Representatives at Mossack Fonseca’s Hong Kong and Seychelles offices did not respond to an email seeking comment, and no one at Dandong Hongxiang answered a phone call made during working hours on Tuesday.
莫薩克-馮塞卡律所香港和塞舌爾辦事處的代表沒有回覆請求置評的電郵。丹東鴻翔也沒有人在週二的工作時間內接聽電話。
