美國尋求大幅收緊對朝國際制裁
The US proposed a sharp tightening of international sanctions on North Korea on Thursday after reaching an agreement with China on a new resolution at the UN.
在與中國就制裁朝鮮的聯合國新決議達成一致後，美國在週四提議大幅收緊對朝國際制裁。
US officials said new sanctions, which would include a ban on aviation fuel exports, inspections of cargo going in and out of the country and restrictions on the country’s banks, represented the toughest measures North Korea would face in two decades.
新的制裁將包括禁止航空燃油出口、對進出朝鮮的貨物進行檢查、以及對朝鮮的銀行加以限制。美國官員表示，這些新制裁是朝鮮在未來20年裏將面臨的最嚴厲措施。
The US also said the UN resolution would also limit and in some cases ban North Korean exports of coal, iron, gold and titanium — a set of restrictions that has the potential to significantly restrict Chinese trade with its ally.
美國還表示，這份聯合國決議還將限制並在某些情況下禁止朝鮮出口煤、鐵、金、鈦——這組限制措施可能會對中國與其盟國朝鮮的貿易構成顯著限制。
Samantha Power, the US ambassador at the UN, said that if adopted, the sanctions would “send an unambiguous and unyielding message” to North Korea that “we will not accept your proliferation”.
美國駐聯合國大使薩曼莎•鮑爾(Samantha Power)表示，如果獲得通過，這些新制裁將向朝鮮“傳遞出一個明確而堅決的信息，即我們不會認可你的核擴散。”
The new UN resolution, which was presented to the Security Council on Thursday afternoon and which could be voted on in the next few days, represent Washington’s response to the January nuclear test and the rocket launch North Korea conducted earlier this month.
這份新的聯合國決議是美國政府對朝鮮在1月進行核試驗、以及在本月早些時候發射火箭作出的迴應。決議草案已在週四下午呈交聯合國安理會(UN Security Council)，可能會在未來幾天裏付諸表決。
China signed on to the proposed sanctions after seven weeks of intense bilateral negotiations with the US that at times exposed the very different views in Beijing and Washington about how to deal with North Korea’s nuclear programme.
在與美國進行了7周的緊張雙邊談判後，中國與美國就擬議的制裁達成了一致。這次談判不時暴露出，中美兩國在如何應對朝鮮核計劃方面存在很大的意見分歧。
However, although North Korea’s economy depends on trade with China, Pyongyang conducted the latest nuclear test and rocket launch despite repeated pleas from Beijing to avoid such moves.
不過，儘管朝鮮經濟依賴對華貿易，平壤方面還是進行了最新的核試驗和火箭發射，無視北京方面多次發出的避免此類舉動的呼籲。
North Korea experts said that the draft resolution represented a potentially significant escalation of economic pressure on Pyongyang, but pointed out that previous efforts to use sanctions had foundered in part because of China’s reluctance to enforce some of the measures.
朝鮮問題專家表示，新決議草案意味着，朝鮮政府承受的經濟壓力可能會顯著升級。但專家們也指出，以往的制裁努力之所以沒能成功，部分是因爲中國不願執行某些措施。
Bruce Klingner, a former intelligence official now at the Heritage Foundation in Washington, said that the restrictions on North Korean exports of resources “could be a significant ratcheting up of pressure”, raising the question about whether “China is severing or severely curtailing its economic trade with North Korea”.
前美國情報官員、現供職於華盛頓傳統基金會(Heritage Foundation)的布魯斯•克林納(Bruce Klingner)表示，限制朝鮮出口資源“可能意味着顯著提升（對朝）壓力”，那麼“中國是否會切斷或大幅縮減與朝鮮的經貿往來”？
However, he added that in the past “China has been lax in enforcing its own export rules, let alone UN resolutions” and had “repeatedly turned a blind eye to North Korean proliferation occurring on its soil”.
但他接着說，以往“中國連它自己的出口規定都沒嚴格執行過，就更別提聯合國的決議了”，而且“對朝鮮國內發生的核擴散一再視而不見”。
Ms Power said the resolution would impose financial sanctions on North Korean banks and assets and would ban exports of small arms and other conventional weapons. The ban on aviation fuel would include rocket fuel, she said.
鮑爾表示，新決議將涉及對朝鮮的銀行和資產施以金融制裁，並將禁止輕武器和其他常規武器的出口。她說，航空燃油禁令將涵蓋火箭燃料。
Cargo going in and out of North Korea would be subject to “mandatory inspection”, she said. However it was unclear if that involved the UN allowing the US and other navies to board ships entering the country’s ports.
她還表示，進出朝鮮的貨物要接受“強制檢查”。不過，目前尚不清楚這是否涉及聯合國准許美國和其他國家的海軍登上即將駛入朝鮮港口的船舶檢查。
The US applied pressure on China to take a tougher line on North Korea by announcing earlier this month the planned deployment of a new missile defence system in South Korea, which would have implications for China’s own armoury of conventional and nuclear missiles.
美國本月早些時候宣佈計劃在韓國部署一套新的導彈防禦系統——該系統對中國自身的常規和核導彈力量具有潛在影響——以此來施壓中國對朝採取更強硬立場。
Speaking during a visit to Washington on Thursday, Wang Yi, China’s foreign minister, sharply criticised the announcement about the Terminal High-Altitude Air Defence platform in South Korea. “China’s legitimate national security interests would be jeopardised and threatened,” he said.
週四，正在訪問華盛頓的中國外長王毅發表講話，尖銳批評在韓國部署末段高空區域防禦系統(THAAD)平臺的聲明。他表示：“中國的正當國家安全利益很可能會受到損害，甚至是威脅。”
