德國最大右翼政黨領袖呼籲歐盟徹底改革
The EU has five years to carry out radical reform and return power to national governments or face disintegration, says the most prominent leader of Germany’s biggest rightwing party — the anti-immigration and Eurosceptic Alternative for Germany.
反移民、疑歐主義的德國最大右翼政黨德國新選擇黨(Alternative für Deutschland)最著名的領導人表示，歐盟還有5年時間實施徹底的改革並把權力返還給各國政府，否則將面臨解體。
Welcoming the UK’s referendum vote, Frauke Petry predicts other countries may follow Britain out of the door, including the Netherlands, Denmark and “at some point” Austria. Germany is behind the rest but is “waking up” to the possibility.
弗勞克•彼得裏(Frauke Petry)對英國退歐公投結果表示歡迎。她預計，可能會有其他國家跟隨英國退出歐盟，包括荷蘭、丹麥，奧地利“在某個階段”也可能退出。德國的這種意識落後於其他國家，但是也在“逐漸意識到”這種可能性。
“I think we must finally set a deadline for the EU or all EU governments: if we don’t achieve any radical reforms in five years then the [exit] question will be raised also in Germany,” the combative 41-year-old told the FT during a break from her holiday on the Baltic coast.
“我認爲我們最後必須爲歐盟或所有歐盟政府設定一個最後期限：如果我們沒能在5年內實現徹底改革，那麼德國也將考慮（退出）問題，”這位好戰的41歲領導人在波羅的海海岸度假間隙接受英國《金融時報》(Fianancial Times)採訪時表示。
Sitting in a seaside café and wearing a sundress, she blended easily with other tourists in Germany’s elegant resort of Warnemünde. But as she spoke, with her usual rapid-fire delivery, she made clear there would be no summer let-up for the AfD. Later the same day she would address a nearby rally in the party’s campaign for elections on September 4 in the local region of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
她坐在海邊的咖啡店裏，身穿一條無袖連衣裙，與德國度假勝地瓦爾內明德的其他遊客沒什麼兩樣。但是，她用一貫的連珠炮似的表達方式表明，德國新選擇黨沒有夏日休假期。當天晚些時候，她將在附近一個集會上發表演講，這次集會是該政黨爲9月4日梅克倫堡-前波莫瑞州(Mecklenburg-Vorpommern)地方選舉而舉行的競選集會。
The party touched 15 per cent in national polls at the height of the refugee crisis this year, making it the most successful far-right party in postwar Germany. Support has since softened as arrivals have waned and internal AfD power struggles have burst into the open. The UK’s Brexit vote last month has also prompted many Germans to rally around Chancellor Angela Merkel and the political status quo.
在今年難民危機最嚴重時期，德國新選擇黨在德國全國民調中得到了15%的支持率，使之成爲二戰後德國最成功的極右翼政黨。自那時以來，隨着抵達德國的難民數量開始下滑以及政黨內部權力爭鬥公開化，德國新選擇黨的支持率開始下滑。上個月的英國退歐投票也促使很多的德國人重新團結在總理安格拉•默克爾(Angela Merkel)周圍，支持政治現狀。
Ms Petry’s vision of Europe is one familiar to other rightwing nationalists: she wants a “return to the status of a common market . . . a Europe of sovereign states”.
彼得裏對歐洲的願景與其他右翼民族主義者相似：她想“回到共同市場狀態……一個由主權國家組成的歐洲”。
Of more immediate resonance with many voters are the AfD’s calls for restrictions on immigration — demands that may have wider appeal after recent terror attacks by refugees who pledged loyalty to Isis. One involved an axe attack on a train by a 17-year-old Afghan; another assault by a 27-year-old Syrian in Ansbach was Germany’s first suicide bombing.
讓很多選民產生更直接共鳴的是，德國新選擇黨呼籲限制移民——在最近多起由效忠“伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯蘭國”(ISIS)的難民發動的恐怖襲擊事件發生後，該主張可能會吸引更多選民。其中一起襲擊事件是一名17歲的阿富汗青年在火車上持斧頭襲擊乘客；另一起襲擊案發生在安斯巴赫，行兇者是27歲的敘利亞人，這是德國發生的首起自殺式爆炸襲擊。
“The victims don’t care whether the perpetrator is a jihadi or a frustrated rampager . . . What more has to happen before we begin to check who comes into our country?” said Ms Petry, vowing the AfD would not treat criminal migrants with the excessive “pathological” understanding of today’s ruling politicians but as “enemies of an open society and enemies of our country”.
“受害者不關心行兇者是聖戰分子還是失意的暴徒……還要發生多少慘案，我們纔會開始對進入我們國家的人進行覈查？”彼得裏稱。她發誓德國新選擇黨不會像如今執政的政客一樣，對犯罪的移民抱以過於“病態”的理解，而是會把他們視爲“開放社會以及我們國家的敵人”。
Specifically, the AfD urges an immediate stop to refugee arrivals, sharp cuts in welfare payments for asylum seekers and a push against “Islamisation” — the spread of Muslim culture in Germany.
特別是，德國新選擇黨敦促立即阻止難民進入德國，大幅削減給尋求庇護者的福利支出，並推動反“伊斯蘭化”——抑制穆斯林文化在德國的傳播。
This approach has brought some AfD activists close to far-right and racist groups, including neo-Nazis. The party is examining whether to ban the AfD branch in the Saarland region over local leaders’ contacts with extremists.
這一方式使得德國新選擇黨一些活躍分子接近於極右翼和種族主義組織，其中包括新納粹(neo-Nazis)。該政黨正在考慮是否要關停該政黨在薩爾蘭地區的分支，因爲該分支的當地負責人與極端主義者有聯繫。
Some mainstream politicians have said the AfD’s ties with the far-right run so deep that the party must be placed under observation by the domestic intelligence service. Ms Petry rejects this: “What can you say about such a grotesque demand? These people are clearly worried that the AfD will take their jobs away and now use all means to denigrate our party.”
一些主流政治人士稱，德國新選擇黨與極右翼的聯繫之深，以至於必須將該政黨置於國內情報機構的監視下。彼得裏駁斥稱：“對於這樣奇葩的要求，你能說什麼？這些人明顯是擔心德國新選擇黨將搶走他們的飯碗，現在極盡所能地詆譭我黨。”
But she does not deny making a controversial statement of her own — when she said in an interview at the height of the migrant crisis that German border guards had the legal right to “use firearms if necessary” in controlling migrant flows. “We simply demand the application of the valid law at the border . . . Whoever damages the borders with violence must be shown the consequences by the border guards . . . If the state gives up its borders then at that moment it exists no more.”
但是，她不否認自己發表了具有爭議的言論——她曾在移民危機最嚴重時在採訪中稱，德國邊防警衛擁有合法權利，“在必要時使用槍支”控制移民流入。“我們只是要求在邊境實施有效的法律……無論是誰以暴力方式破壞邊境，邊防警衛都必須讓他們承擔後果……如果國家放棄邊境，那麼國將不國。”
Meanwhile she and other AfD leaders have come under attack for mishandling an anti-Semitism dispute after delays in disciplining a regional party activist who argued that Holocaust denial — a crime in Germany — was a legitimate expression of opinion.
與此同時，她和德國新選擇黨的其他領袖因對一起反猶太主義爭端處置不當而遭到抨擊。該政黨一名地方活躍分子認爲，否認猶太人大屠殺（這在德國是一項罪行）是合法的意見表達，而彼得裏等人未及時對此人進行規訓。
Jörg Meuthen, AfD party leader in the Baden-Württemberg region, failed to win local AfD backing to expel Wolfgang Gedeon, one of the party’s 23 regional assembly members. Mr Meuthen quit the local AfD caucus (though not the party) with 12 others and set up a breakaway grouping. Ms Petry intervened and persuaded Mr Gedeon to resign the AfD whip.
德國新選擇黨巴登-符騰堡區領導人約爾格•莫伊滕(Jörg Meuthen)在開除沃爾夫岡•吉迪恩(Wolfgang Gedeon)——該政黨23名地區議會成員之一——的問題上未能獲得當地黨組織的支持。莫伊滕和其他12人一起退出了當地黨團會議（儘管並未退黨），並另立門戶。彼得裏介入此事，並說服吉迪恩辭去了德國新選擇黨黨鞭一職。
As well as blackening the AfD’s name, the dispute has wider implications because Mr Meuthen is the AfD’s national co-leader, nominally equal to Ms Petry. Their rivalry is so intense that the Baden-Württemberg party remains split, with each side blaming the other over the Gedeon affair.
該爭端在抹黑德國新選擇黨名聲的同時，還產生了更廣泛的後果，因爲莫伊滕是該政黨的全國共同領袖，在名義上與彼得裏平級。二人的競爭很激烈，該黨在巴登—符騰堡的黨組織仍然處於分裂狀態，雙方都指責對方應爲吉迪恩事件負責。
Analysts see the row as a power struggle between Ms Petry, Mr Meuthen and other rivals. Ms Petry agrees, saying it is “ultimately about the question who leads the party and how they lead it”.
分析人士把此次爭端視爲彼得裏、莫伊滕和其他競爭對手之間的權力鬥爭。彼得裏對此表示贊同，她稱這“歸根結底是關於誰領導該政黨以及如何領導的問題”。
She wants the dispute settled well before next year’s Bundestag election, when the AfD plans to become the first rightwing party since 1945 to win seats.
她希望在明年德國聯邦議會選舉前儘快解決該爭端。德國新選擇黨計劃在這次選舉中成爲自1945年以來第一個贏得議會席位的右翼政黨。
But Hajo Funke, a politics professor at Berlin’s Free University, says Ms Petry and other leaders may struggle to stabilise the party. “They want to be seen as reasonable people. But it is difficult in a party which gets a lot of support from radicals who push for more radicalism.”
但是柏林自由大學(Free University)的政治學教授哈喬•豐克(Hajo Funke)稱，彼得裏及其他領袖可能難以穩定該政黨。“他們希望被視爲理智的人。但是對於一個從推動激進主義的激進分子那裏獲得大量支持的政黨來說，這很難實現。”
