[經濟廣角]歐洲出版商呼籲歐盟保護版權

歐洲出版商呼籲歐盟保護版權

來源: Financial Times 編輯: Vicki 翻譯:譯言網

美國與其他國家仍須調整網絡防禦措施，以區分單純的滋擾和真正的威脅。這跟來勢洶洶的朝鮮網絡戰沒有任何關係，好像是近期報導的針對韓國和美國網站的網絡攻擊的產物。

PARIS — Leading European newspaper and magazine publishers on Thursday called on the European Commission to strengthen copyright protection as a way to lay the groundwork for new ways to generate revenue online.
巴黎——歐洲主要的報紙和雜誌的出版商呼籲歐洲委員會加強版權保護，以此爲在線創收奠定基礎。

The publishers said widespread use of their work by online news aggregators and other Web sites was undermining their efforts to develop an online business models at a time when readers and advertisers are defecting from newspapers and magazines.
雜誌及報紙所有人向（歐盟）電信委員會委員維維安·蕾汀請願。出版商說，他們的工作成果被廣泛使用於在線新聞整合和其他網站中，這發展了一種在線商業模式，破壞了他們的努力成果，同時造成讀者和廣告客戶從報紙和雜誌中流失。

“Numerous providers are using the work of authors, publishers and broadcasters without paying for it,” the publishers said in a letter to Viviane Reding, the European media and telecommunications commissioner. “Over the long term, this threatens the production of high-quality content and the existence of independent journalism.”
一位出版商在寫給電信委員會委員維維安·蕾汀的信中提到：“大量的供應商在免費的使用着作者、出版商以及廣播商的工作成果”，“從長遠來看，這威脅到高品質評論的撰寫和獨立新聞的存在。”

The petition echoes other recent calls from publishers for greater copyright protection as they try to move beyond a business models based largely on advertising and try to generate more revenue from users. Only a handful of newspapers or magazines, including The Wall Street Journal and The Financial Times, have had success charging readers to use their sites.
請願書與近期其他來自出版商的呼籲產生了共鳴，尋求更多的版權保護，他們試圖超越主要基於廣告的商業模式，嘗試從用戶處產出更多收入。只有少數的報紙或雜誌，包括The Wall Street Journal（華爾街日報）和The Financial Times（金融時報），成功的給讀者充電，讓讀者使用它們的網站。

The initiative grew out of a campaign in Germany, led by Axel Springer, which publishes the tabloid Bild, to strengthen copyright law in that country. German publishers want to create a so-called neighboring right for publishers, similar to protections that already exist for music publishers and other content owners.
該請願在德國衍生出一項活動，領導者是Axel Springer——小報Bild的出版商，活動目的在於讓德國加強版權法律。德國出版商希望建立所謂的鄰接權（即：作品傳播者權），類似已經存在的對音樂出版商和其他內容所有者的保護一樣。

The right would give publishers greater control over secondary use of their work that generates revenue.
出版商將有權控制他們工作成果因二次利用而產生的收入。

Publishers have not said publicly what they would do with such a right, but executives say one possibility would be to try to get business users to pay for access to online content. Under such a practice, businesses would have to pay for special licenses; fees would be collected by a new organization modeled on the “societies” that gather royalties on behalf of musical copyright owners. Private individuals would be allowed access to news sites without such a license.
出版商還未公開表示他們會如何使用這種權利，但是執行上有可能讓企業用戶爲接入在線內容進行支付。在這種情況下，企業將不得不支付特別許可證；費用將會被集中到“社團”——代表音樂版權所有人收集版稅——的一個新的組織機構模式中。個人則無需支付這種特別許可證費用就可接入新聞網站。

The letter presented Thursday to Ms. Reding also stopped short of specific proposals. Instead, publishers want stricter enforcement of existing legislation, said Heidi Lambert, a spokeswoman for the European Publishers Council, a trade group that has endorsed the petition.
週四這封信被呈給了蕾汀女士，同時解決了具體建議短缺的情況。歐洲出版商協會已經批准了該請願書，發言人Heidi Lambert說，與此相反，出版商要求更嚴格執行現行立法。

European publishers have been leading an effort to get Google and other Internet companies to adopt a new technology that manages the relationship between online publishers and search engines. The system, called the Automated Content Access Protocol, would allow publishers to set the terms of search engines’ and aggregators’ use of their content.
歐洲出版商們正努力讓谷歌和其他網絡公司採取一種新的技術來處理在線出版商和搜索引擎的關係。這種系統叫做自動內容訪問協議，支持出版商設置搜索條件及整合內容。

Publishers say the system, championed by the publishers’ council and the World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers, would make it easier to create profitable Web sites. Critics say, however, that it would create unnecessary new hurdles for users.
出版商們稱，這個被出版商協會和World Association of Newspapers （世界報業協會）以及News Publishers擁護的系統，將更容易的建立可盈利的網站。批評人士則認爲，它會給用戶帶來不必要的新障礙。

Google did not immediately return a call seeking comment.
谷歌還未立刻做出迴應。

Martin Selmayr, a spokesman for Ms. Reding, said she had not yet reviewed the document and could not comment on it. But he referred to a speech she gave Thursday in Brussels, in which she said that a top priority for developing the digital economy in Europe was the creation of “a simple, consumer-friendly legal framework for accessing digital content in Europe’s single market, while ensuring at the same time fair remuneration of creators.”
蕾汀女士發言人馬丁·塞爾梅爾說，蕾汀女士還未再審該文件，因而無法給出評論。但是他提到了蕾汀女士週四在布魯塞爾的講話，蕾汀女士在講話中說，數字經濟在歐洲發展，最優先的就是要創造一個框架：“爲歐洲單一市場接入數字內容建立一個簡單的、友好易用的合法框架，以此同時確保創造者獲得公平報酬。”

The petition has been signed by executives of News Corp., Axel Springer, Gruner + Jahr, Lagardère, Independent News & Media, the Daily Mail & General Trust, Burda Media and the Espresso Group, among others. Neither the International Herald Tribune nor its parent, The New York Times, is among the signatories.
在請願書中籤字的有News Corp.（新聞集團）的執行主管，Axel Springer（德國最大報紙出版商）， Gruner + Jahr（古納亞爾集團，歐洲最大雜誌出版商）， Lagardère（拉加代爾集團，法國一家綜合性媒體），Independent News & Media（愛爾蘭報業集團獨立新聞及傳媒公司）， the Daily Mail & General Trust（每日郵報暨通用信託集團），Burda Media(布爾達傳媒集團) 以及Espresso Group等。 International Herald Tribune（國際先驅導報）及其母公司，以及The New York Times（紐約時報）都未簽名。

Keke Vew: 　版權即著作權，是指文學、藝術、科學作品的作者對其作品享有的權利（包括財產權、人身權）。版權的取得有兩種方式：自動取得和登記取得。在中國，按照著作權法規定，作品完成就自動有版權。 所謂完成，是相對而言的，只要創作的對象已經滿足法定的作品構成條件，既可作爲作品受到著作權法保護。在學理上，根據性質不同，版權可以分爲著作權及鄰接權，簡單來說，著作權是針對原創相關精神產品的人而言的，而鄰接權的概念，是針對表演或者協助傳播作品載體的有關產業的參加者而言的，比如表演者、錄音錄像製品製作者、廣播電視臺、出版社等等。