颱風再襲 菲律賓吸取教訓應對有道

LEGAZPI, the Philippines — As Typhoon Hagupit churned across the Philippines on Sunday, residents of the eastern part of the island nation expressed relief that they had joined the hundreds of thousands who had evacuated to safer ground.

菲律賓黎牙實比——上週日，隨着颱風“哈格比”(Hagupit)席捲整個菲律賓，該島國東部居民表示欣慰，因爲他們和其他數十萬人已經被疏散到安全地帶。

Eleanor Llaneta, 60, decided to follow the advice of her neighborhood captain and leave her home in Albay Province, on the southeastern tip of Luzon Island, on Friday, more than a day before Typhoon Hagupit made landfall.

埃莉諾·蘭尼塔(Eleanor Llaneta)現年60歲，她聽從居民區負責人的建議，於上週五離開了自己在呂宋島東南端阿爾拜省的家，比颱風“哈格比”抵達提前了一天多時間。

In past years she might have considered staying put, but a year’s worth of news about the devastation of Typhoon Haiyan, which left more than 7,300 people dead or missing after hitting the Philippines in November 2013, convinced her that prudence was the best course.

如果是過去幾年，她可能會考慮留在家裏，但颱風“海燕”2013年11月襲擊菲律賓，導致逾7300人死亡或失蹤，這一年來相關新聞不斷，所以她相信，謹慎是最好的選擇。

“We only knew about storm surges after Tacloban,” said Ms. Llaneta, referring to the city that Haiyan left filled with mud, debris and dead bodies just over one year ago.

“塔克洛班出事之後，我們才知道有風暴潮這種東西，”蘭尼塔說。她指的是一年多之前，海燕襲擊塔克洛班後，這座城市變得滿是泥土、瓦礫和屍體。

By late Sunday, what had been classified as a super typhoon was far weaker than Haiyan was when it hit, and was continuing to weaken. The storm, which is expected to push its way across the country until Wednesday, was generating strong winds and rain, but the overall effect was not as devastating as worst-case scenarios had anticipated.

到週日晚間爲止，超級颱風“哈格比”的威力遠不如“海燕”巨大，而且還在繼續減弱。預計這場風暴將席捲菲律賓各地，直到週三。它帶來了強風和暴雨，但整體破壞性沒有人們預期的最壞情況那麼糟糕。

The government announced Sunday evening that at least three people were confirmed to have been killed by the storm, including a 1-year-old girl and a 65-year-old man who both died of hypothermia in the central province of Iloilo. The president’s office said “reports of a few casualties have unfortunately been received” from the town of Dolores, where the storm first made landfall, but the full toll there was not clear.

週日晚上，政府宣佈，已經證實至少有3人在風暴中遇難，其中有一名1歲女孩和一名65歲的男子，兩人都是在菲律賓中部的伊洛伊洛省因爲體溫過低喪生的。總統辦公室說，“不幸收到了”來自多洛雷斯的一些傷亡報告，那是“哈格比”登陸的第一個地方，但該地的完整傷亡數字尚不清楚。

In Albay Province, Ms. Llaneta and about 560,000 others were evacuated ahead of the storm, according to local officials. As of 4 a.m. Sunday more than 1.2 million people had been evacuated nationwide, Gwendolyn Pang, secretary general of the Philippine Red Cross, wrote on Facebook.

在阿爾拜省，蘭尼塔和大約56萬人在風暴到來之前被疏散了，地方官員們說。到週日凌晨四點，菲律賓全國有逾120萬人被疏散，菲律賓紅十字會祕書長彭美玉(Gwendolyn Pang)在Facebook上寫道。

Hagupit is expected to hopscotch across islands as it makes its way west. Maximum sustained winds near the center had dropped to about 100 miles an hour by Sunday morning, but the slow churn over the nation could dump large amounts of rain, setting off floods and mudslides.

“哈格比”在向西部移動的時候，預計會跳動着穿過整個島嶼。週日早晨，近中心最大持續風速降至約每小時100英里，但這樣的緩慢移動可能會將大量雨水傾倒在菲律賓，引發洪水和泥石流。

With full assessments of damaged areas far from finished, the government is not ready to declare success publicly in riding out the storm. Still, officials and aid workers sounded notes of optimism that darker predictions of the storm’s destructiveness would not materialize.

受災區域的全面評估還遠未結束，政府尚不準備公開聲明已經成功度過了這場風暴。不過，官員和救援人員表現得很樂觀，他們覺得，關於這場風暴破壞性的可怕預言不會實現。

“The picture looks O.K. so far in the daylight,” said Kate Marshall, a spokeswoman for the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. “But we still don’t know what happens when the typhoon moves northwest.”

“迄今爲止，白天的狀況看上去還行，”紅十字會與紅新月會國際聯合會(International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies)發言人凱特·馬歇爾(Kate Marshall)說。“但是，我們仍然不知道當颱風向西北移動時，會發生什麼事。”

Nearly a day after Hagupit hit, Albay had yet to record a storm-related death or serious injury, said Jukes Nunez, an Albay special operations officer. “Disaster preparedness, we want to make it part of daily life, just like brushing your teeth,” Mr. Nunez said. “We are one of the most vulnerable areas in the Philippines.”

“哈格比”登陸將近一天之後，阿爾拜尚未出現與風暴相關的死亡或重傷記錄，阿爾拜的特殊行動官員朱克斯·努涅斯(Jukes Nunez)說。“我們希望備災能成爲日常生活中的習慣，就像刷牙一樣，”努涅斯說。“阿爾拜是菲律賓最脆弱的地區之一。”

The Mayon volcano rises over Albay, adding a further risk of landslides to the wind, floods and storm surges that often follow typhoons. In 2006, Typhoon Durian dumped heavy rain on the area, setting off mudslides that buried villages below Mayon and killing more than 1,000 people.

馬榮火山(Mayon Volcano)矗立在阿爾拜，因此在這裏，颱風不僅可能帶來風、洪水和風暴潮，還會有山體滑坡的風險。2006年，颱風“榴蓮”給該地區帶來的暴雨引發了泥石流，掩埋了馬榮下面的村莊，導致逾千人喪生。

One significant development in disaster preparedness here is a much wider knowledge of the threat from storm surges, the walls of water pulled along by typhoons that can quickly flood low-lying coastal areas. In Tacloban last year a wall of water from Typhoon Haiyan ripped across a peninsular neighborhood known as San Jose, crumpling cement houses and causing many deaths.

這裏的備災活動出現了一個顯著進步，就是有遠比從前更多的人，對臺風帶來的風暴潮威脅有所瞭解。它是颱風捲起的巨浪，能夠迅速淹沒沿海的低窪地區。去年，在塔克洛班，颱風“海燕”捲起的巨浪橫掃了半島上一個名爲聖何塞的居民區，水泥房屋遭到損毀，導致很多人喪生。

An assessment of that disaster by a German government-funded sustainable development agency said that many residents in Tacloban — where the storm surge was the cause of most of the fatalities — had not been familiar with the risks and did not evacuate. “Serious warnings and more effective evacuations along the coastline could have saved many lives,” the report said.

德國政府資助的一個可持續發展機構對那場災難進行了評估，指出在塔克洛班，導致絕大多數人死亡的罪魁禍首是風暴潮，而那裏的居民不瞭解它的威脅有多大，所以沒有撤離，“在沿岸地區發佈鄭重警告，進行更加有效的疏散，可以挽救許多人的生命，”該報告稱。

In the year since Haiyan, residents have been exposed to much more discussion about the risks of typhoons, and evacuees in the city of Legazpi said that had contributed to their willingness to leave their homes.

在“海燕”災難發生後的一年中，居民接觸到了更多關於颱風風險的討論，黎牙實比市的撤離者說，這種討論讓他們變得更加願意離開自己的家園。

“We were hearing all of this news on the radio about storm surges,” said Maria Ampo, 46, who weathered the storm in a classroom in Bagumbayan Elementary School along with more than 30 people ranging in age from a month to 82 years old. “That’s why now we’re worried about it.”

“我們在電臺裏聽到風暴潮的各種消息，”46歲的瑪麗亞·安珀(Maria Ampo)說。“這就是爲什麼現在我們擔心它的原因。”風暴期間，她和其他30餘人待在巴貢巴揚小學(Bagumbayan Elementary School)教室裏，其中最年幼的剛出生一個月，最年長的82歲。

The evacuation of so many people is an impressive step in preparedness here, Ms. Marshall said. “A million people evacuated — that’s pretty huge for a country like the Philippines,” she said. “Even so, we’re waiting to see what happens next. We’re not out of the woods yet.”

本次備災行動疏散了這麼多的人，令人印象深刻，馬歇爾說。“對於像菲律賓這樣的國家來說，疏散一百萬人非常不容易，”她說。“即便如此，我們正在等着看，接下來會發生什麼。我們尚未脫離險境。”