美製裁俄石油高管 歐美能源巨頭尷尬

The U.S. Monday added Igor Sechin, a Putin ally and head of state-controlled oil giant Rosneft, to its sanctions list, complicating the delicate dance U.S. and European energy giants have had to engage in amid the standoff between the West and Moscow.

在俄羅斯國有石油公司Rosneft擔任主管的普京(Putin)親信謝欽(Igor Sechin)週一被美國列入制裁名單，意味着在西方與莫斯科對峙中走鋼絲的歐美能源巨頭將面臨更加複雜的處境。

The most exposed company is U.K. oil company BP PLC, which has a 19.75% stake in Rosneft. Last year, it sold its stake in its previous Russian joint venture for $11.8 billion in cash plus shares in the state-controlled oil giant. Mr. Sechin owns 0.13% of Rosneft, making him the company's third-largest shareholder after the Russian state and BP.

相關閱讀專題：烏克蘭危機受影響最大的是英國石油公司(BP PLC)，這家公司持有Rosneft 19.75%的股份。去年，英國石油公司出售了其俄羅斯合資公司的股份，換得118億美元現金和Rosneft的股票。謝欽持有0.13%的Rosneft股份，爲僅次於俄羅斯政府和英國石油公司的第三大股東。

BP also gained a seat on Rosneft's nine-member board, currently held by BP Chief Executive Bob Dudley. Under the terms of the U.S. sanctions, BP wouldn't be barred from dealing with Rosneft, though Mr Dudley, an American citizen, would be unable to have direct business dealings with Mr. Sechin.

英國石油公司還在Rosneft的九人董事會中獲得一個席位，目前由英國石油首席執行長達德利(Bob Dudley)出任這一董事。根據美國製裁條款，英國石油與Rosneft的交易不會被禁止，但身爲美國公民的達德利將不得與謝欽有直接的商業往來。

'U.S. persons cannot do business with sanctioned people or entities,' a U.S. treasury spokeswoman said.

美國財政部發言人說，美國公民不能與受到制裁的個人或企業做生意。

BP said Monday that it remained committed to its investment and intended to be 'a successful, long-term investor in Russia.'

英國石油公司週一表示，他們仍將兌現投資承諾，並希望在俄羅斯成爲成功的長期投資者。

'We are considering today's announcement to see specifically what this may mean for BP. We will, of course, comply with all relevant sanctions, ' the company said.

英國石油說，他們正在斟酌今天的消息，並對公司可能受到的影響做具體分析。英國石油表示，他們肯定會遵守所有相關制裁。

Mr. Dudley said earlier this month that BP would continue to seek ways of developing its business in Russia even as tensions grow over the crisis in Ukraine. Its share of Rosneft's proven reserves already amounts to 5 billion barrels of oil and 9 trillion cubic feet of gas, while Rosneft contributed $2.2 billion to BP's earnings last year. BP's shares fell 1.0% on Monday, while Rosneft's shares fell 1.7% in Moscow.

Reuters3月19日，東京，Rosneft負責人謝欽在日俄投資論壇上發表講話。達德利本月早些時候說，儘管烏克蘭危機導致緊張局勢加劇，英國石油仍將繼續尋找在俄羅斯開展業務的方式。英國石油在Rosneft已探明儲量中所佔的份額達到50億桶石油和9萬億立方英尺（約合0.25萬億立方米）天然氣，Rosneft去年爲英國石油貢獻了22億美元收益。英國石油股價週一下跌1.0%，Rosneft在莫斯科交易的股票下跌1.7%。

Mr. Sechin himself seemed unperturbed by the sanctions. 'I view Washington's latest steps as a high assessment of the effectiveness of our [Rosneft's] work and assure our shareholders and partners, including American ones, that this effectiveness won't be reduced and our cooperation won't suffer but will develop dynamically,' he said in a statement.

謝欽本人似乎未因制裁而煩惱，他在一份聲明中稱，他將華盛頓的近期舉措視爲對Rosneft工作效力的高度評價，他向股東及合夥人（包括美國合夥人）承諾，這種效率不會降低，相關的合作也不會受影響，而是將充滿活力地發展。

While BP is the largest foreign investor in Russia's oil sector, other major oil companies have increased their exposure there in recent years.

儘管英國石油是俄羅斯石油部門的最大外國投資方，但近年來另一些大型石油企業也增強了在俄羅斯的石油業務。

Hunting for oil in Russia is one of the most promising global prospects for Exxon Mobil Corp. The company struck a deal with Rosneft in 2011, signed in the presence of Russian President Vladimir Putin, to explore Russia's Arctic seas and shale in western Siberia, which could hold billions of barrels of crude. The agreement has been expanded to include the Black Sea and a swath of the Arctic bigger than Texas.

在俄羅斯進行石油勘探是埃克森美孚(Exxon Mobil Corp.)在全球最具前景的業務之一。2011年該公司在普京面前與Rosneft簽署協議，對俄羅斯的北冰洋海域和西伯利亞西部的頁岩進行勘探，這些區域或蘊藏着數十億桶的原油。這一協議已拓展至黑海和北冰洋一塊麪積比德克薩斯州還大的海域。

Exxon will foot most of the more than $3.2 billion in exploration costs and a majority of the costs for a $450 million Arctic research facility in St. Petersburg.

勘探費用超過32億美元，另外在 彼得堡建立北冰洋研究機構耗資4.5億美元，這兩項費用大部份將由埃克森美孚承擔。

Exxon doesn't disclose how much oil and gas it pumps in Russia, but analysts at Raymond James estimate the oil behemoth's operations there accounted for 6% of its production last year. That output is set to rise this year with an expansion to its project on Sakhalin Island, Russia's largest offshore oil and gas facility.

埃克森美孚並未透露其在俄羅斯的油氣產量，但Raymond James的分析師估計該石油巨頭在當地的業務佔其去年產量的6%。按計劃公司今年在俄羅斯的產量還將上升，並將擴建其在薩哈林島的油氣項目。薩哈林島擁有俄羅斯最大的離岸油氣設施。

Rosneft's board on Monday approved the development of two Arctic fields, Russian media reported.

據俄羅斯媒體報道，Rosneft董事會週一批准對北冰洋兩處油田進行開發。

Last year, Rosneft said it acquired a 30% interest in 20 blocks leased by Exxon in the Gulf of Mexico's deep waters, though Exxon remained the active partner.

Rosneft去年宣佈，該公司購入了埃克森美孚在墨西哥灣深水區承租的20個油氣區塊30%的權益，不過埃克森美孚仍將是其積極的合作伙伴。

An Exxon spokesman declined to comment Monday on the sanctions against Mr. Sechin.

埃克森美孚的發言人週一拒絕就謝欽被列入制裁名單一事置評。

In March, Exxon Chief Executive Rex Tillerson said the company's progress in Russia was on track but could be affected by government action. 'Other than things like sanctions, which have affected us before, we do not see any new challenges out of the current situation,' he said at the company's annual meeting for analysts in New York.

今年3月份，埃克森美孚首席執行長蒂勒森(Rex Tillerson)表示，該公司在俄羅斯的業務已走上軌道，但有可能會受到政府措施的影響。他在紐約舉行的分析師年度會議上稱，過去公司業務曾受制裁影響，但除此之外，就目前形勢而言，該公司並未看到任何新的挑戰。

Royal Dutch Shell PLC has a small stake in a Caspian oil pipeline in a joint venture with Rosneft. And Norwegian oil company Statoil ASA has joint projects with Rosneft in the Russian part of the Barents Sea and the Sea of Okhotsk. Its chief executive, Helge Lund, met with Mr. Sechin in Norway as recently as March 31.

荷蘭皇家殼牌有限公司(Royal Dutch Shell PLC)與Rosneft在裏海共同經營一家合資油氣管道公司，荷蘭皇家殼牌持有該合資項目的少數股權。挪威國家石油公司(Statoil ASA)與Rosneft也有合作，合資項目位於巴倫支海俄羅斯海域和鄂霍茨克海。挪威國家石油公司首席執行長倫德(Helge Lund) 3月31日剛與謝欽在挪威舉行過會面。

Besides major oil companies, commodities trading giants Glencore Xstrata PLC, Vitol Group and Trafigura Beheer BV all have close ties with Rosneft. Last year, the three firms all agreed long-term oil supply deals with Rosneft that included billions of dollars in prepayments to the Russian state-owned company. In addition, Glencore Xstrata lent Rosneft $500 million.

除石油業巨頭，大宗商品貿易巨頭嘉能可(Glencore Xstrata PLC)、Vitol Group以及托克(Trafigura Beheer BV)均與Rosneft有密切的業務關係。去年，上述三家公司同意與Rosneft達成長期的石油供應協議，協議內容包括向這家俄羅斯國有企業支付數十億美元的預付款項。此外，嘉能可還向Rosneft提供了5億美元貸款。

A Glencore spokesman declined to comment on what impact, if any, personal sanctions against Mr. Sechin would have on their business.

嘉能可發言人週一不願就針對謝欽的個人制裁可能對公司造成何種影響置評。

A Trafigura spokeswoman said the company was monitoring the situation but did 'not believe this move has any impact on our existing business with Rosneft.' A spokeswoman for Vitol said the company 'always complies with all sanctions.'

托克的發言人表示，該公司正密切關注事態的發展，但不認爲此舉會對托克與Rosneft之間的現有業務產生任何影響。Vitol發言人表示，該公司一直遵守所有的制裁規定。