BP前CEO 對俄製裁危及全球石油供應

US and EU sanctions against Moscow are in danger of turning round and biting the west by constraining global oil supply and pushing up prices, the former chief executive of BP has warned.

英國石油(BP)前首席執行官唐熙華(Tony Hayward)警告稱，美國和歐盟(EU)對莫斯科的制裁可能抑制全球石油供應並推高價格，反過來傷害到西方。

Tony Hayward said that cutting Russia’s energy groups off from capital markets and restricting their access to western oil technology would eventually lead to less investment in Russian oil production and damage long-term supply. He said the US shale boom had obscured the growing risks to the world’s supply but its effect would wear off, leaving the global economy dangerously exposed to potential disruptions in the flow of oil.

唐熙華表示，禁止俄羅斯能源集團進入資本市場並限制它們獲得西方石油技術，最終將導致俄羅斯對石油生產的投資下降，從而損害長期供應。他說，美國頁岩油氣繁榮掩蓋了日益增長的全球供應不足的風險，但這種效果將會消退，讓全球經濟危險地暴露於石油供應可能中斷的風險。

He spoke as the US and Europe expanded sanctions against Russia on Friday, with the US adding Gazprom, Europe’s leading energy provider, and Lukoil, the privately owned oil group, to the companies deprived of US goods, technology and services for deep water, Arctic offshore and shale projects. The EU and US have also imposed restrictions on financing for some state-owned Russian energy groups.

唐熙華髮表此言之際，美國和歐洲上週五擴大了對俄羅斯的制裁，其中美方將歐洲主要能源提供商俄羅斯天然氣工業股份公司(Gazprom)和私營石油集團盧克石油公司(Lukoil)列入不能利用美國商品、技術和服務開發深水、北極海域和頁岩項目的制裁名單。歐盟和美國還對一些俄羅斯國有能源集團的融資施加限制。

“The world has been lulled into a false sense of security because of what’s going on in the US,” Mr Hayward said in an interview with the Financial Times, referring to the shale boom that has driven a 60 per cent rise in US crude output since 2008. But he asked: “When US supply peaks, where will the new supply come from?”

唐熙華在接受英國《金融時報》採訪時表示：“美國的局面使世界產生了一種錯誤的安全感。”他指出，頁岩繁榮推動美國原油產量自2008年以來猛增60%，但他問道：“當美國供應見頂回落的時候，新的供應將來自何處？”

As output from mature basins declines, the world has banked on new barrels from places such as Canada, Iraq and Russia. But Russian production from untapped resources in the Arctic and shale reserves in Siberia are threatened by sanctions, he said. “Because of financial sanctions, the big gorillas are going to start cutting their activities.”

隨着成熟油田的產量下降，世界寄望於加拿大、伊拉克和俄羅斯等地增加石油供應。但唐熙華表示，俄羅斯在北極未開發資源和西伯利亞頁岩油氣儲量的開採受到制裁的威脅，“由於金融上的制裁，這些大型集團將開始削減它們的活動”。

Mr Hayward, who runs oil explorer Genel Energy and is chairman of commodities group Glencore, also questioned projections for a big increase in oil production from Iraq. He said the country would struggle to reach targets to double production by 2020.

目前執掌石油勘探公司Genel Energy、並擔任大宗商品交易商嘉能可(Glencore)董事長的唐熙華，還對伊拉克石油產量大幅增長的預測提出質疑。他說，伊拉克將很難實現到2020年產量翻倍的目標。

Sanctions could endanger joint ventures that Rosneft, the state-controlled Russian oil group, has set up with western majors such as ExxonMobil to explore in Russia’s Arctic seas. Michael Cohen, an analyst at Barclays, said they could also make it harder for European oil groups and service companies to provide support for their current operations in Russia.

制裁可能危及俄羅斯國有控股的俄羅斯石油公司(Rosneft)和埃克森美孚(ExxonMobil)等西方石油巨頭爲勘探俄羅斯北極海域而成立的合資公司。巴克萊(Barclays)分析師邁克爾•科恩(Michael Cohen)表示，制裁也可能讓歐洲石油集團和服務公司更難爲它們當前在俄羅斯的運營提供支持。