解決阿富汗難民問題的新戰略

An international conference in Geneva has agreed on a plan for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of millions of Afghan refugees, of whom many have been living in exile for more than three decades. The multi-billion-dollar strategy lays out measures for creating favorable conditions for their return.

一個國際會議同意將阿富汗數以百萬計的難民自願遣返回國，讓他們再次融入自己的國家。這些難民很多人都流亡國外30多年了。這個數十億美元的計劃提出了一些措施，目的是爲難民重返創造有利的條件。

During the past 10 years, more than 5.7 million Afghan refugees have returned to Afghanistan. This is nearly one quarter of the Afghan population. In addition, almost two million refugees are still living in neighboring Pakistan and another one million in Iran, making this one of the largest and longest-lasting refugee situations in the world.

在過去十年中，超過570萬阿富汗難民陸續回到了自己的國家，這幾乎是阿富汗人口的四分之一。除此以外，幾乎200萬難民仍生活在鄰國巴基斯坦，還有100萬人生活在伊朗，造成了全世界規模最大、人數最多、時間最長的難民問題之一。

Participants at a U.N.-sponsored conference recognized the enormous economic and social costs shouldered by the host countries and, in the adoption of a strategic plan, they reaffirm the importance of the international community to share the burden and to assist the host communities.

出席聯合國發起的這次國際會議的各國都認識到，收容難民的國家在經濟和社會上付出了巨大的代價。各國再次強調國際社會分擔和援助難民接受國的重要性。

Pakistan Minister of States and Frontier Regions Engineer Shaukat Ullah says he is pleased with the outcome of the conference. But, to make the strategy work, he says the final settlement that emerges as international forces draw down from Afghanistan in 2014 must include the Afghan refugee issue.

巴基斯坦邊境地區事務部長兼體育部長肖卡特烏拉說，他很高興這次大會取得成果。但是爲了這個策略發揮作用，他說最終的解決方案隨着國際部隊在2014年前逐步撤離，阿富汗難民問題一定要包括在內。

"The only solution to the Afghan refugee situation is their early and swift voluntary repatriation into their homeland," said Ullah. "The government of Pakistan's management and repatriation strategy envisions their return by December, 2012. The friends of Afghan people should redouble their effort and their early voluntary repatriation."

他說：“解決阿富汗難民局勢的唯一方法是他們儘早自願地返回自己的家園。巴基斯坦政府的管理和遣返戰略設想他們應該在2012年12月底前返回。阿富汗人應該加倍努力，儘快自願離開居住國返回阿富汗。”

The Pakistani minister says the international community should step forward and share some of this burden by offering resettlement opportunities in more prosperous countries.

這位巴基斯坦部長說，國際社會應該勇敢地站出來，分擔他們的負擔，爲他們在更爲繁榮的國家提供重新安置的機會。The Iranian Ambassador to the United Nations in Geneva agrees with his Pakistani colleague. Despite the economic and social drain on his country, he says Iran has generously provided skills training to hundreds of thousands of Afghan students, job opportunities to about 300,000 Afghan refugees, and has spent millions of dollars in medical care every year.

伊朗駐日內瓦聯合國分部大使同意這位巴基斯坦官員的看法。他說，儘管他的國家受到經濟和社會流失的影響，但是伊朗仍然慷慨地爲成千上萬的阿富汗學生提供了技術培訓，爲大約30萬阿富汗難民提供了就業機會，每年出資數百萬美元用於這些人的醫療照顧。

U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees Antonio Guterres says it is remarkable that the three countries - Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran - were able to come together and present a joint solution to the Afghan refugee problem.

聯合國難民署高級專員安東尼奧.古特雷斯說，阿富汗、巴基斯坦和伊朗這三個國家能夠一道爲阿富汗難民問題提供就業解決方案，真是可喜可贊。

Although he believes the agreement will have a positive impact, he says the strategy does not replace a political solution.

儘管他認爲這個協議將帶來積極的推動力，但他說，這項戰略並不取代政治解決方案。

"I think that it is absolutely essential that the international community works together with the national stakeholders and the regional stakeholders in order to make sure that an inclusive political solution is found for peace and security to be established in Afghanistan in a way that strongly enhances the return movement... It is also obvious that a concerted effort, an investment inside Afghanistan and 48 areas have been selected as area of high potential for return for that investment will also be able to enhance this movement," said Guterres.

他說：“我認爲非常重要的是，國際社會必須和利益相關的各國共同努力，確保找到一個政治解決方案，爲給阿富汗帶來和平與安全，這樣也會推動難民自願遣返。”

Conference participants agreed to recognize the importance of providing livelihoods, education, shelter, and basic services to entice Afghan refugees to return home and to stay home.

參加這次大會的各國代表也同意，應該通過提供民生、教育、臨時住所以及基本服務，來吸引阿富汗難民返回家園。

They say, if they succeed in this, the efforts also should help to reduce the pressure on Afghans to leave the country in search of employment opportunities. The conference estimates it will cost nearly $2 billion to implement the plan for the next three years.

他們說，如果這個做法成功，這項努力也應該能幫助減少阿富汗人離開本國到外國區尋找工作和機會的壓力。大會估計，今後三年實施這一計劃需要大約20億美元。