中英雙語話史記 第22期:商朝牧野之戰

Shang Dynasty

商朝

Battles of Muye

牧野之戰

The Battle of Muye (or Mu)(牧野之戰）was fought in China in 1046 BC.

牧野之戰與公元前1046年在中國發生。

The battle led to the end of the Shang dynasty, and the beginning of the Zhou dynasty.

這場戰爭導致了商朝的滅亡和周王朝的開始。

The Zhou dynasty marks the beginning of the feudal phase of Chinese history.

周朝標誌着中國封建社會歷史的開端。

By the 13th century BC, Shang influence had reached what is now Gansu Province, a region that was occupied by a people known as the Zhou.

公元前十三世紀，商朝的勢力範圍擴大到了今天的甘肅省境內，而甘肅正是周文王姬昌的領地，

King Wen (Ji Chang), the ruler of the Zhou, who was a Shang vassal, was given the title “Count of the West” by the king Di Xin of Shang.

姬昌是商朝的諸侯，被商王帝辛敕封爲西伯侯。

Di Xin used King Wen to guard his rear while he was involved in a south-eastern campaign.

彼時帝辛忙於東南戰事，故用文王守衛自己的後方。

Shou Xin, fearing King Wen’s growing power, imprisoned him.

受辛畏懼文王日益成長的力量，將其囚禁了起來。

King Wen’s son King Wu (Ji Fa) led the Zhou in a revolt.

文王之子武王姬發領導周朝民衆，發起了對商朝的反抗。

King Wu led an army of 3 800 Shang defectors. Di Xin’s army was much larger than Wu’s.

武王領導着一支由3800商朝叛逃者組成的軍隊，而帝辛的軍隊則遠遠多於武王。

Seeing his army outnumbered, Wu instructed his troops to march in strict formation and advance slowly.

意識到敵衆我寡，武王指揮其軍隊以嚴格的隊形緩慢行軍。

The Shang began their attack in the morning, but the front rank was thrown into confusion, disordering those behind them.

商朝於清晨發動進攻，但先行部隊陷入混亂，使得後方部隊也混亂渙散，

The Zhou were victorious and showed little mercy to the defeated Shang, shedding enough blood “to float a log”.

最終武王贏得了牧野之戰，對於戰敗的商朝軍隊沒有絲毫憐憫之情，血流遍野足夠讓木頭漂浮。

After the battle, Di Xin committed suicide in his palace, leaving Wu master of most of the Huang He valley.

戰敗後，商王帝辛自焚與鹿臺，使得武王一統黃河流域。

Wu proclaimed the Zhou dynasty.

此役過後，武王昭告天下，建立周朝。