中英雙語話史記 第12期:史前文化的主要成果

The Major Achievement of Prehistoric Culture

史前文化的主要成果

The major achievement of prehistoric culture could be seen in the emergence of the primitive agriculture.

史前文化的主要成果在於原始農業的出現。

In the north, Yangshao culture was mainly represented by the dry land agriculture,

在北方，仰韶文化主要以旱地農業爲代表，

of which foxtail millet was the chief product；

在那裏粟是主要的農作物。

Hemudu culture in the south was represented by rice agriculture on wet land,

南方的河姆渡文化已在溼潤土壤上的水稻種植爲代表，

of which rice was the chief product.

水稻在那裏是主要的農作物。

China is among the earliest countries in the world where foxtail millet and rice were grown.

中國是世界上最早種植粟和水稻的國家之一。

In the era of Longshan culture, the initial primitive characters came into being.

在龍山文化時期，最初的原始文字形成了。

The primitive graphic characters, carved on pots, have been found, for instance, in the Dinggong site in Boxing, Shandong Province, the Lingyang site in Ju county and Qianzhai site in Zhucheng.

被刻在壺上原始的圖形文字在例如位於山東博興的鼎公遺址、莒縣的凌陽遺址以及諸城的前寨遺址被發現。

These kinds of primitive characters were invented 800 years earlier than the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells unearthed in Yin Ruins.

這些類型的原始文字比在殷墟中發掘的甲骨文還要早出現800年。

Pottery----painted pottery and black pottery (of the late Neolithic culture)----is a kind of great invention.

陶器——彩陶和黑陶（新石器時期）是一項偉大的發明。

In the prehistoric culture, the painted pottery of Yangshao culture and the black pottery of Longshan culture were models of handicraft.

在史前文化中，仰韶文化的彩陶和龍山文化的黑陶是手工業的典範。

The technique of manufacturing pottery with wheels as tools was also applied to the production of the painted pottery.

用拉柸器製造陶器的技藝也被用於彩陶的製造。

The temperature in the sintering process reached between 950℃ and 1050℃.

燒製過程總的溫度能夠達到950至1050攝氏度。

The utensils painted on the surface in black, brown or red, or in a mixture of two colors,

用黑色、棕色或紅色又或是兩種顏色的混合繪製在表面的器皿，

were a combination for both practical and artistic uses.

是實際和藝術用途的結合。

The black pottery represented the most advanced level of handicraft industry in the prehistoric culture.

黑陶代表了史前時期手工業的最先進程度。

This tech was then adopted in the production of a variety of the black pottery in beautiful shapes.

這項技藝之後被採用到了許多具有美麗形狀的黑陶的生產中。

The pottery of eggshell, with its surface brightly pitch-black and the roughcast only 0.1 to 0.2 centimeter thick, is regarded, as the most exquisite artistic products of that time.

蛋殼陶藝被認爲是那個時期最精巧的藝術製品，它的表面是明亮的漆黑色，毛柸僅有0.1至0.2釐米厚。