中英雙語話史記 第10期:馬家窯文化
Majiayao Culture
馬家窯文化
Remains of this culture were first discovered in Majiayao Village, Lintao County, Gansu Province in 1923,
這種文化的殘骸1923年時在甘肅省臨洮縣馬家窯村被首次發現，
hence the name of Majiayao Culture.
因此被命名爲馬家窯文化。
It is generally considered as a local branch of Yangshao Culture in the late period;
它通常被認爲是仰韶文化末期的一個分支，
therefore it is also known as Yangshao Culture of Gansu.
所以同樣被稱爲甘肅的仰韶文化。
It was centered around the West Plain of Gansu Province, stretching to the north of Gansu Province
它以甘肅省的西部平原爲中心，延伸至甘肅省北部，
and the south of Ningxia Hui Minority Autonomous Region in the north,
它北至寧夏回族自治區的南部，
the southern part of Gansu Province and the north of Sichuan Province in the south,
南達甘肅省南部和四川省北部，
and reaching the Gansu Corridor and the northeast of Qinghai Province in the west
西至河西走廊和青海省的東北部，
and the east of Gansu Province in the east.
東達甘肅省東部。
More than 20 ruins have been unearthed.
超過20件遺蹟已被髮掘。
According to relevant researches, the culture was prosperous from 3300 B.C. to 2050 B.C.
根據相關研究，馬家窯文化興盛的時間爲公元前3300年到公元前2050年。
Among the production implements the ancestors used in Majiayao Culture were stone or pottery sickles with one end shaped like a saw.
該文化的祖先使用的生產工具爲石器或是一端呈鋸齒狀的陶製鐮刀。
About 20% -50% of the pottery was colored pottery, profusely painted.
大約20%到50%的陶器爲彩陶，圖案豐富。
The economic activities were mainly based on agriculture.
經濟活動以農業爲基礎。
Deer was the staple prey of hunting, but pigs, dogs, sheep were also raised.
鹿是人們主要的獵物，但是人們也養殖豬、狗和綿羊。
The handicraft industry included stoneware production, wood works, spinning and weaving, pottery production and so on.
手工業涵蓋石器製造業、木工、紡織、製陶業等等。
Art mainly took the form of colored pottery as well as man-like or animal-like pottery sculptures and pottery house models.
美術主要採用彩陶的形式，同時還有人形或動物形狀的陶器雕塑和陶製房屋模型。
Quite a number of types of pottery were carved with symbols, which some pieces of bone had breached for counting.
很大一部分種類的陶器被刻上了符號，其中的一些骨頭碎片被打破用於計算。
