中英雙語話史記 第104期:遼國社會經濟
Liao Dynasty
Social Economy
社會經濟The Liao went through different stages of economic development.
遼朝經歷了不同階段的經濟發展。
In its early years, it mainly depended on outward expansion, slavery and thievery, so its development remained slow and disrupted.
遼初期，國家主要依賴於向外擴張、奴隸、掠奪，因此它的發展緩慢而不連續。It was not until the reign of Emperor Shengzong when the Liao managed to institute feudal reform, its economy attained some distinct progress.
一直到神宗時期進行封建改革後，遼的經濟取得了明顯的進步。The Liao rulers also adopted a differential economic management system, similar to its political one.
遼朝的統治者還採取了一套特別的與其政治體系相似的經濟管理體系。This system promoted the economic development throughout the whole northern area.
這個體系加強了整個北部地區的經濟發展。The Liao economy was based on horse and sheep raising and agriculture.
遼朝的經濟養馬、養羊以及農業爲基礎。Fishing also played an important complementary role.
漁業同樣扮演着一個重要的補充者的角色。Those engaged in agriculture were mostly the Han people who lived in the southern area and the Bohai people who lived in the eastern area.
從事農業的大多是南部的漢人和東部的渤海人。The nomadic zone consisted of various northern grassland nationalities and the fishing-hunting zone covered the Khitan area between the Xar Moron and Tuhe rivers, and the Jurchen people's area in the northeast.
遊牧地區由不同的幾個草原民族構成，打漁-打獵的地區涵蓋了位於希拉木倫河和圖河之間的契丹以及東北部的女真。The integration of the three economic zones into a political system sped up communication between differ?ent nationalities and promoted a higher level economic development.
三個經濟區域的融合加快了不同民族之間的交流並使經濟發展到了一個更高的層次。The southern economy, which had been feudal for a long time, dominated the whole economy.
南部地區的封建經濟已經持續多年，這種經濟佔據了整個經濟的主導地位。Besides, the supply of salt was controlled by government monopoly and provided an important source of revenue.
除此之外，鹽的經營權由政府壟斷，是國家收入的重要來源。Iron smelting was also an important industrial contribution to the wealth of the dynasty.
鍊鐵術也是讓這個朝代富足的重要工業貢獻。
