爲何狗狗光腳踏雪不怕冷?

日本一位科學家研究發現，狗之所以能夠光腳在雪地上行走自如，而不覺得冷，奧祕之處在於其腳掌上有個內部中央供暖系統，它能讓溫暖血液流到特定部位，以避免冰冷的地面導致身體受寒。這套機制是利用溫暖的含氧血液，將接觸到冰冷地面的冷血液加溫，然後送回心臟和中央循環系統。在狗的腿部，動脈和腳掌肉墊的靜脈十分靠近，從心臟攜帶到動脈的血流能夠輕易將溫熱傳導到溫度較低的靜脈血管。這種熱傳導機制讓腳掌墊即使暴露在極低溫下，也得以保持恆溫狀態。

Ever wonder how dogs can walk barefoot in the snow? Now a Japanese scientist may have the answer -- an internal central heating system.

The secret lies in how dogs circulate their blood to prevent cold surfaces from chilling the rest of their bodies, according to Hiroyoshi Ninomiya, a professor at Yamazaki Gakuen University, just west of Tokyo.

The system uses warm, oxygenated blood to heat the cold blood that has been in contact with a cold surface before returning it to the dog's heart and central circulation.

"Dogs exchange heat at the end of their legs. Arterial blood flows to the end of their legs and then heats up venous blood before returning it to the heart," Ninomiya said of his findings, published in the journal Veterinary Dermatology.

"In other words, they have a heat exchange system in their feet."

Ninomiya studied a preserved dog's leg under an electron microscope and found that because of the proximity of arteries and veins in the foot pad, the heat in the blood carried from the heart to the arteries is easily conducted to the cooler blood in the veins.

This heat transference maintains a constant temperature in the foot pad, even when exposed to extremely cold conditions.

Dogs are not alone in having this sort of heat exchange system, which is shared by other animals such as dolphins, Ninomiya said.

But not all dogs thrive in the cold, due to refining by breeders seeking specific traits, he added.

"Dogs evolved from wolves, and so they still have some of that ancestry remaining," he said.

"But that doesn't mean that one should always go and drag around in the snow all the time. There are many varieties of dogs nowadays that are not able to stand the cold."