研究表明智商並非一成不變
University College London researchers tested pupils between the ages of 12 and 16 in 2004, with scores ranging from 77 to 135. Four years later, scores were between 87 and 143, but with some major changes in individuals.
據英國《每日郵報》10月19日報道，倫敦大學學院的研究人員在2004年時對12歲到16歲間的一些學生進行了IQ測試，測試得分約在77到135分之間。四年之後，這些學生的IQ得分總體提升到了87到143分，但個人的變化情況各有不同。
Not only was there a significant change in written tests but brain scans confirmed those who had improved their score had more grey matter.
不僅僅是筆試成績有明顯的變化，腦部掃描也顯示，那些得分提高了的學生腦部出現了更多的灰質（灰質是一種神經組織，是中樞神經系統的重要組成部分）。
The tests suggest children who perform poorly at school in their early teens may still be high-achievers.
這一測驗表明，那些早期在學校表現並不突出的孩子未來仍有可能成爲佼佼者。
Researchers measured each person’s verbal IQ using standard tests in maths, English, memory and general knowledge, and also their non-verbal IQ, measured by identifying missing elements of a picture and solving visual puzzles.
研究人員通過數學、英語、記憶力和常識幾方面的標準測驗來測試每個學生的言語智商，並通過填充圖像缺失部分，完成視覺謎題來測試學生的非言語智商。
In brain scans, increases in verbal IQ were accompanied by an increase in grey matter in the part of the brain which is activated when you articulate speech, called the left motor cortex.
通過腦部掃描圖可以看出，言語智商的增加伴隨着大腦左半球運動皮層灰質的增多，這一區域在人們發聲講話時就會活躍起來。
A rise in non-verbal IQ saw more grey matter develop in the anterior cerebellum – associated with hand movements.
非言語智力提升時，我們則可以清楚地看到在小腦前部產生了更多的灰質——這一部位與手部運動相關。
Sue Ramsden, who lead the study, said:"We found a clear correlation between this change in performance and changes in the structure of their brain and can say with some certainty that these changes in IQ are real."
主持這項研究的蘇·冉斯登說：“我們發現，學生的這種表現與他們大腦結構的變化之間存在着明顯的相關性，可以確定地說智商的改變是確然存在的。”
Meanwhile, Professor Cathy Price told the journal Nature: "We have a tendency to assess children and determine their course of education relatively early in life, but here we have shown that their intelligence is likely to be still developing."
同時，凱茜·普萊斯教授還告訴《自然》雜誌的記者：“我們總是傾向於通過早期的表現去評斷一個孩子的優劣，並據此制定教育方案，但現在我們已經證明了他們的智力還會一直持續發展。”
A recent study, also by UCL neuroscientists, found a part of the brain called the hippocampus which plays an important in memory and navigation is far denser in the brains of London taxi drivers than other people.
近期，同樣由倫敦大學學院神經科學家主持的一項研究還發現，人腦中有一部分叫作“海馬體”，這一器官在記憶和導航方面有着重要的作用, 倫敦出租車司機大腦中的“海馬體”要比其他人密集得多。
