魔術愚弄大腦的十種方式(2)

Will

7.自由選擇

When we 'pick a card, any card' we are very rarely picking at random, no matter what it seems. It is usually the magician choosing for us, only without our knowledge. In many card tricks the card we apparently choose is 'forced' meaning the magician did something, mental or physical, to make us choose exactly what they wanted us to. But our brain will often over look or deny this as an option, in favor of free choice. Our brain simply does not want to believe it was forced and will often omit facts that may indicate that it was, instead jumping fully into the false idea that all choices were all our own.

當我們在魔術師“選一張牌，任何一張”的碎碎念下選一張牌時，其實我們並沒有“任意”選擇，通常情況下，是魔術師替我們做了選擇，只是我們都沒注意到罷了。在很多紙牌魔術中，我們總是“被迫選擇”牌面，這就是說，魔術師總是用行爲或心理暗示讓你選出他想要的牌面，但是我們大腦總是會忽略或者否認這種想法，忽略那些應正“被迫選擇”的蛛絲馬跡，完全相信整個過程都是我“自由選擇”的。

ing in The Blanks

6.腦補

The 'woman sawed in half trick' is old enough that most people know the secret. The head we see in one end of the box doesn't belong to the legs we see at the other. But our brain insists and assumes it does, why? Because our brain is a sucker for continuity. When it sees a head in rough alignment with a set of legs it uses past experience to fill in the blank and tell us that obviously a torso exists between those two body parts. In many magic tricks an object is partially covered, and our brain uses what it CAN see to continue the image and fill in the blank, of course that is exactly what the magician wants.

“被切成兩半的少女”是一個老把戲了，大概很多人都知道這是怎麼一回事：一個盒子裏的頭和另一個盒子裏的腿根本就不屬於一個人。但是我們大腦會假定它們是屬於一個人的。爲什麼？因爲我們的大腦就特麼喜歡連貫性，當我們看見頭和四肢四處散亂的景象時，我們大腦便會開始腦補，認定這個人某個器官一定被分割得血淋淋了。我們的大腦會根據能看到的景象自動腦補出看不到的景象，當然這正是魔術師們想要的效果。

ge

5.變化

Quick, look out the window. What did you see? Now look again, has anything changed? If the first time all you saw was your backyard and the second time there was a tiger, well you're probably going to notice. But what if that bird perched in the tree moved slightly? What if a plant had moved in the wind? Our brains are susceptible to something called 'change-blindness' basically meaning that it's actually quite bad at immediately detecting small changes. Its not necessarily that we don't see them, but more that our brains have trained themselves not to worry about changes that won't greatly affect us and as a result, if we aren't very specifically focusing on something we'll rarely register it consciously. Obviously magicians can utilize this to the extreme, we never notice small changes in what's going on until the magician directs our focus to it.

快看窗外有啥？再看一遍！有啥變化嗎？如果第一遍你只看到自己空蕩蕩的院子，而第二遍時居然在院子裏看到一隻老虎，你可能就會注意到變化了。但如果在第二遍眺望窗外時，只是在樹上休憩的小鳥動了動，樹枝在風中輕輕搖曳，你還會注意到變化嗎？其實這就是所謂的“視小變而不見”的思維，也就是說，一個人瞬間發現細微的變化也不是什麼好事，這不是說我們真的看不見那些細微的變化，而是說，我們看到了，但如果這種變化還不至於影響到我們，我們就會自動忽略掉這種變化。所以當我們不關注某事時，我們也就忽略掉它的變化。然而，魔術師簡直將我們這種思維利用到了極致，等他們引導我們關注某事物時，該事物早已發生了天翻地覆的變化。

Brain has an Ego

4.大腦的自我意識

Our Brain insists we have free will, and it also insists that it's always right. Due to something called 'Cognitive Dissonance' our brain will make up excuses to rationalize events, even if it means you are going against what you thought or felt only minutes earlier. Our brain will force us to justify events if they don't go how we expected. Magicians present a reality that doesn't obey the idea of reality your brain is used to seeing. This creates a cognitive dissonance and a point is eventually reached where, no matter how hard it tries, your brain cannot rationalize the events it's just seen. Our brain is used to rationalizing events after they occur, magic creates a situation which can't exist and that leads to the unique sense of astonishment we feel.

我們大腦堅信自己是自由的，也總相信自己是對的。所謂的“認知失調”，就是說我們大腦會自動給發生的事製造藉口，儘管這意味着和前幾秒鐘的思維背道而馳。如果事情沒按照預料發生，我們大腦會強制性地製造出現這種結果的合理性。魔術製造的就是和我們平時所見大相徑庭的事實，這就會在我們大腦中引發“認知失調”，但是這種失調已經超過我們大腦的可控範圍，大腦已經不能爲這種脫繮的魔術製造合理性的藉口了，因此我們纔會那麼震驚。

譯:趙一力 來源:前十網