國際民航組織發新規 建議限制乘客使用機上廁所
新冠肺炎疫情給全球航空業造成沉重打擊。在多國疫情限制措施有所放鬆之際，國際民用航空組織對如何幫助乘客和工作人員預防感染提出了新的建議，包括限制乘客在飛機上使用廁所等。
Air passengers should have restricted access to toilets on flights as part of wide-ranging coronavirus safety recommendations, a UN agency has said.
聯合國機構國際民用航空組織表示，應該限制乘客在飛機上使用廁所，這是一份覆蓋面很廣的預防新冠病毒安全建議提到的。
The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) guidelines also include limiting or suspending food and drink services on short-haul flights.
國際民用航空組織的指南還包括限制或暫停短途航班上的食品和飲料服務。
The new guidelines are designed to protect air passengers and workers from the Covid-19 virus as lockdown eases.
隨着疫情封鎖措施的解除，新指南旨在保護乘客和工作人員免受新冠病毒的感染。
Airlines could see revenues plunge £314bn in 2020, the ICAO added.
國際民用航空組織補充稱，航空公司今年的收入可能會減少3140億英鎊（約合人民幣27937億元）。
The aviation industry has been struggling as lockdown measures around the world have limited flights and passenger numbers.
由於世界各地的封鎖措施限制了航班和乘客數量，航空業一直在苦苦掙扎。
As those travel restrictions begin to ease, the ICAO has issued guidelines for governments, with the aim of airlines and airports having a unified response when trying to keep passengers and staff safe from coronavirus.
隨着這些旅行限制開始放鬆，國際民用航空組織向各國政府發佈了指導方針，目的是讓航空公司和機場在努力保護乘客和工作人員免受新冠病毒感染時做出一致反應。
The ICAO stopped short of saying that passengers must be socially-distanced on planes, but it did say they should be seated separately "when occupancy allows it".
國際民用航空組織沒有指出乘客必須在飛機上保持社交距離，但明確表示，“當入座率允許時”，乘客應該分開坐。
stop short of：決定不做某事；未到達；缺乏
Passengers should travel as lightly as possible, with small hand luggage stowed under their seat. Newspapers and magazines should be removed, and duty free sales should be temporarily limited, the UN's civil aviation body said.
乘客應該儘量輕裝出行，把小的手提行李放在座位下面。該機構表示，應撤下機上的報紙和雜誌，並暫時限制免稅銷售。
stow[stəʊ]：vt.裝載；收藏
People wearing face masks are seen at Hongqiao International Airport in Shanghai, on May 21, 2020. [Photo/Agencies]
Short-haul food and drinks services should be limited or suspended, or be sold in sealed, pre-packaged containers.
應限制或暫停短途航班的食品和飲料服務，或將食品飲料密封在預先包裝的容器中出售。
Access to toilets should also be restricted, the ICAO said. Where possible, one toilet should be set aside for use by cabin crew, and passengers should use a designated lavatory based on which seat they have.
國際民用航空組織表示，廁所的使用也應該受到限制。如有可能，應留出一間廁所供機組人員使用，乘客應根據自己的座位使用指定的廁所。
In general, face masks should be worn in line with public health guidelines, and social distancing should be made possible where it is feasible, the UN body said.
該機構表示，總的來說，應按照公共衛生準則戴口罩，在可行的情況下，應儘可能保持社交距離。
Areas should be routinely cleaned, and passengers should be checked for signs of coronavirus, by screening temperatures, for example. Contact tracing methods should also be explored.
區域應定期清潔，並應通過篩查體溫等措施檢查乘客是否有感染新冠病毒的跡象，還應探索使用接觸者追蹤方法。
At airports, staff should have adequate personal protective equipment, which "could include gloves, medical masks, goggles or a face shield, and gowns or aprons," the guidelines said.
指南提出，在機場，工作人員應該有足夠的個人防護用品，“包括手套、醫用口罩、護目鏡或面罩，以及防護衣。”
Passengers should be encouraged to check-in before getting to the airport, and to use mobile boarding passes.
應鼓勵乘客在到達機場前辦理登機手續，並使用電子登機牌。
Airports should also use contactless technology, including facial and iris scanning, for "self-service bag drops, various queue access, boarding gates and retail and duty-free outlets", the guidelines say.
該指導方針稱，機場還應使用非接觸式技術，包括面部和虹膜掃描，應用於“自助托運行李、各種排隊通道、登機門、零售和免稅商店”。
"This will eliminate or greatly reduce the need for contact with travel documents between staff and passengers," the UN agency added.
該機構補充說：“這將避免或大大減少工作人員和乘客之間接觸旅行證件的需要。”
The recommendations are extensive and detailed - a blueprint for aviation in the Covid-19 era; and one fact stands out. Flying, for a while at least, is not going to be a whole lot of fun.
這份廣泛而詳細的建議是新冠疫情時代航空業的總體指導方針。有一點非常明確：飛行，至少在一段時間內，不再充滿樂趣。
From the moment you arrive at the terminal building, armed with your pre-printed boarding pass and luggage tags, human contact will be limited, social distancing the norm. Masks will be obligatory, and supplies of hand sanitiser everywhere.
從你拿着預先打印好的登機牌和行李標籤到達航站樓的那一刻起，人與人之間的接觸就會受到限制，保持社交距離成爲常規。人們必須戴口罩，到處都有洗手液。
It insists the new measures should be temporary.
該機構堅持認爲新措施應該是暫時的。
Airlines and aerospace firms have been struggling amid the coronavirus crisis.
航空公司一直在新冠病毒危機中苦苦掙扎。
At the beginning of May, Virgin Atlantic said it would axe 3,000 jobs and quit Gatwick. Later in the month, engine-maker Rolls Royce said it would cut 9,000 jobs.
五月初，維珍大西洋航空公司宣佈將裁員3000人並撤出蓋特威克機場。當月晚些時候，引擎製造商勞斯萊斯宣佈將裁員9000人。
There has been a huge reduction in air travel, with daily flights down about 80% since the start of the year.
航空旅行大幅減少，自今年年初以來，每日航班減少了約80%。
