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《時代週刊》“年度人物”選了16歲環保少女,外媒:太過推崇人設

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美國《時代週刊》日前揭曉2019年“年度人物”(Person of the Year),16歲的瑞典環保少女格蕾塔·通貝里(Greta Thunberg)當選。


Time magazine has chosen Greta Thunberg, a Swedish climate crisis activist, as Person of the Year.

《時代週刊》介紹稱,格蕾塔·通貝里自2018年8月開始爲呼籲成年人對抗氣候變化而發起一系列“罷課”運動,如今這項運動已經在全球激起400萬人參與,從而掀起了一場“人類歷史上”最大的環保示威運動。

格蕾塔·通貝里還因爲在聯合國抨擊各國領導人而贏得國際關注。

通貝里在聯合國演講中批評世界領導人

《時代週刊》“年度人物”選了16歲環保少女,外媒:太過推崇人設

《時代週刊》的評語稱:

For sounding the alarm about humanity’s predatory relationship with the only home we have, for bringing to a fragmented world a voice that transcends backgrounds and borders, for showing us all what it might look like when a new generation leads, Greta Thunberg is TIME’s 2019 Person of the Year.
她敲響了警鐘,讓我們看到人類與其唯一的家園之間存在的掠奪關係,她給碎片化的世界帶來了一個超越背景與國界的聲音,她爲我們展現了新生代領導下的世界將會變成什麼樣,因此,格蕾塔·通貝里是《時代》週刊2019年的“年度人物”。

格蕾塔·通貝里是誰?

16歲的瑞典女孩格蕾塔·通貝里,出生於演藝世家,母親是歌劇演唱家,父親是一名演員,爺爺是演員、導演。

據《衛報》報道,格蕾塔第一次聽說“氣候變化”這個詞,是在8歲那年。當時,她被成年人並不將這當回事兒而震驚到了。

At about the age of eight, when she first learned about climate change, she was shocked that adults did not appear to be taking the issue seriously.

這以後,她變得非常沮喪(depressed)。《衛報》報道說,成年人對氣候變化的漠視,可能是影響她情緒很重要的一個因素(a significant factor)。

11歲時,她被診斷患有阿斯伯格綜合徵(Asperger syndrome)、強迫症(obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD))和選擇性緘默症(selective mutism)。

在格蕾塔看來,阿斯伯格綜合徵不是一種病,而是她的“超級力量”(“superpower”),同時她將其寫在了自己的社交媒體介紹裏。

爲了關注氣候變化,她在家勸說父母改變生活方式,減少碳排放,比如不吃肉,不坐飛機等。

She discovered she had remarkable powers of persuasion, and her mother gave up flying, which had a severe impact on her career. Her father became a vegetarian.

2018年的夏天,格蕾塔因號召“氣候罷課”而受到廣泛關注。

當時,她決定不去上學了,每天在瑞典議會門口舉牌子呼籲“氣候罷課”,直到瑞典政府認真履行《巴黎協定》。

Thunberg first became known for her activism in August 2018 when, at age 15, she began spending her school days outside the Swedish parliament to call for stronger action on global warming by holding up a sign saying (in Swedish) "School strike for the climate".

據《時代週刊》報道,不久後,格蕾塔的行動傳遍歐洲、北美等多個國家,多地年輕人組織“週五爲未來”(Friday for Future)氣候罷課遊行活動。

Since then, her singular action has spread into an international climate movement, organized by young people around the world.

2019年8月,名聲大噪的格蕾塔受邀參加在9月份紐約舉行的聯合國氣候行動峯會。

爲了表明自己的環保立場,格蕾塔拒絕乘飛機去。

據法國24小時電視臺報道,她乘坐裝有太陽能設備的賽艇,經過兩週的海上航行,從英國普利茅斯到了美國。

The Malizia II racing yacht left Plymouth in southern England on August 14 for a two-week voyage in order to enable the Swedish teen to attend a UN summit on zero emissions in September in New York.

但她這一號稱“零排放”的環保旅程也受到了不少人的質疑,認爲她並非真正的環保主義,只是作秀。

因爲,工作人員爲了取回她乘坐的賽艇,要從歐洲飛到紐約,再飛回去,造成了更大的污染和資源浪費。

Several people would fly into New York to help take the yacht back to Europe.

在聯合國氣候行動峯會(2019 UN Climate Action Summit)上,她含淚批評全球領導人在氣候變化問題上不作爲,指責他們用空洞的託詞,偷走了她的童年和夢想,併發出質問“你們怎敢如此!”


演講節選

You have stolen my dreams and my childhood with your empty words. We'll be watching you.
你們用空洞的說辭,偷走了我的夢想和童年。我們會盯着你們的。

People are suffering. People are dying. Entire ecosystems are collapsing. We are in the beginning of a mass extinction. And all you can talk about is money and fairytales of eternal economic growth. How dare you!
人們正遭受着苦難,正在死去,整個生態系統在崩潰之中。我們正處於大滅絕的開端,而你們卻只談論着金錢和無休止經濟增長的童話故事。

You are failing us. But the young people are starting to understand your betrayal. The eyes of all future generations are upon you. And if you choose to fail us, I say: We will never forgive you.
你們辜負了我們,但年輕人已開始明白你們的背叛。未來所有人的目光都看着你們呢。如果你們選擇辜負我們,我要說:我們永遠不會原諒你們。

格蕾塔在聯合國的此番發言贏得多國政客和媒體的大肆讚揚,不過也有不少批評的聲音。

今年10月份,俄羅斯總統普京在莫斯科舉行的“能源周”能源論壇上稱,她非常善良真誠(kind girl and very sincere),但被成年人爲攫取利益而利用了(she was being manipulated to serve others' interests)。

普京批評她非常無知,因爲現代世界很複雜,如果生活在非洲和很多亞洲國家的民衆想要過上和瑞典民衆一樣的生活,要怎麼辦呢?
Putin criticised her as "poorly informed": "No one has explained to Greta that the modern world is complex and different and people in Africa or in many Asian countries want to live at the same wealth level as in Sweden."

12月3日,她又乘船橫跨大西洋,從美國來到西班牙參加第25屆聯合國氣候變化大會。

會上她再次批評世界各國領導人沒有采取足夠的措施來應對氣候危機(not doing enough to stop the ecological crisis)。

她在論壇上說,過去一年的罷課毫無成效,氣候變化仍被掌權者忽視着。

"We have been striking for over a year, and basically nothing has happened," she told activists at the talks. "The climate crisis is still being ignored by those in power, and we cannot go on like this."

在過去一年多的時間裏,格蕾塔遊走於加拿大、美國、英國等多個歐美國家,號召人們參加氣候遊行活動,關注氣候變化。


外媒:太過推崇人設

《時代週刊》將格蕾塔·通貝里評爲年度人物也引發了一些爭議。

雖然不少西方政客對此高聲讚美,如美國前國務卿希拉里:

我想不出還有比格蕾塔·通貝里更適合的年度人物,我很感激她爲提高環保意識所做的一切,也感激她願意說出殘酷、激勵人心的真相。就像她今天所說的:“變化正在到來,不管你喜不喜歡。”

但也有媒體持不同觀點。

《獨立報》評論不客氣地批評了《時代週刊》在選擇“年度人物”時推崇人設,而輕視具體行動的傾向。

格蕾塔·通貝里被選爲《時代週刊》年度人物並不會阻止氣候危機:這樣的獎項不會讓我們因爲哀嘆一個將死的地球而行動起來,卻會讓我們麻痹,以爲事情在更快地往好的方向發展

評論稱:

This transformation of Thunberg by publications like Time from activist to influencer has gone a long way in voiding her politics, instead putting focus on her personality.
在《時代週刊》這類媒體的描繪下,通貝里從一個活動家轉變成了一個網紅,這一過程中她的政治訴求變得空洞,關注點更多地轉移到她的人設上。

評論還認爲人們沉醉於爲一個年輕的環保鬥士歡呼,卻忘了用更爲實際的行動來拯救地球。

Rather than grief for a dying planet moving us to act, cheer at a young climate warrior acts as an opiate.

opiate /ˈəʊpiət/:鴉片製劑;麻醉劑

《今日俄羅斯》的批評則更加犀利,認爲這反映了西方世界的深層社會問題,大人寧願聽孩子的話,而不自己思考和作爲。

格蕾塔·通貝里贏得《時代週刊》年度人物:這是這個病態困惑的世界的一個病症,成年人將孩子捧爲領袖

Throughout the Western world the authority of adulthood is in crisis. Adulthood is increasingly associated with negative attributes and grown ups feel less and less able to provide guidance to young people. The flip side of the erosion of adult authority is the tendency to look to young people for solutions and answers. That is why Western society’s depreciation of adulthood coexists with adulation of the supposed wisdom of children.
在整個西方社會,成人的威信都已陷入危機。成年人越來越多地被賦予負面屬性,大人越來越覺得無法引導年輕人。這個情況的反面就是,社會越發傾向於向年輕人尋找答案和解決方案。這就是爲什麼西方社會在貶損成年人的同時,極力歌頌所謂孩子的智慧。