消除家庭暴力：法國頒佈多項舉措

近日，仿妝博主“宇芽”曝光了一段監控視頻，稱自己過去半年多次遭前男友家暴，“彷彿活在噩夢裏”。重慶市公安局江北區分局迴應稱已展開調查，市、區婦聯將爲當事人提供幫助和服務。

而就在今年的“國際消除家庭暴力日”（11月25日），法國總理愛德華·菲利普宣佈數十項措施，以打擊針對女性的家庭暴力

France unveiled Monday new measures to combat Violence against women by their partners or ex-partners, seeking to toughen up the law as concerns mount over the number of women killed in the country.

法國於本週一（11月25日）公佈了多項新措施，以打擊伴侶或前伴侶對女性的家暴。法國國內女性被殺害案件數量不斷引發擔憂，法國政府試圖加大這方面的法律打擊力度。

Prime Minister Edouard Philippe made the announcements on the UN-backed International Day for Eliminating Violence against Women, two days after tens of thousands of people took to the streets across France in a show of solidarity.

法國總理愛德華·菲利普在聯合國確立的“國際消除家庭暴力日”當天宣佈了上述舉措。兩天前，數萬人走上法國各地街頭，以示消除家暴的堅定決心。

Growing anger over the failures in Europe and globally to make progress ending the horrendous annual toll has pressured governments to begin to take action, though activists warned that far more needs to be done.

歐洲和全球每年都有許多女性因家暴喪生，人數令人震驚，人們對政府在此方面未能取得進展日益憤怒，這迫使各國政府開始採取行動，但活動人士警告稱，這還遠遠不夠。

Expressing hope that the plan would prove an "electric shock", Philippe said the measures would seek to broaden the definition of violence, including how harassment can lead to suicide.

菲利普表示，希望該計劃能證明是一次“電擊”。他說，這些措施將尋求拓寬對暴力的定義，包括性騷擾如何導致自殺。

Since the start of 2019, at least 117 women have been killed by their partner or former partner in France, according to a case-by-case study by AFP based on media reports.

根據法新社基於媒體報道的個案研究，自2019年初以來，法國至少有117名女性被她們的伴侶或前伴侶殺害。

The figure shows no improving trend -- last year, 121 women died in what are increasingly termed femicides, to underscore the fact the victims were killed because they were female.

這個數字沒有顯示出任何改善的趨勢——去年，有121名女性死於“女性被殺害”事件，這一詞彙的使用越來越普及，用以強調受害者因爲身爲女性而被殺害。

An additional 213,000 women in France are victims of physical or sexual violence on the part of their partner or ex-partner, according to the latest official figures.

最新的官方數據顯示，法國還有21.3萬名女性遭受伴侶或前伴侶的身體或性暴力。

The announcements by Philippe focused on ending what he described as "absurdities" and "dysfunctional aspects" in the law to ensure that women would be better protected.

菲利普聲明的重點在於結束他所稱的法律的“荒謬”和“功能失調的方面”，以確保婦女得到更好的保護。

dysfunctional[dɪsˈfʌŋkʃənl]：機能失調的，功能障礙的

The notion of psychological "entrapment" would now be written into the law as this can also lead to violence, he told reporters in Paris.

他在巴黎告訴記者，心理“誘捕”的概念現在將寫入法律，因爲這也會導致暴力。

And in a measure that has been widely called for, Philippe said that the rules covering medical confidentiality would be changed to make it easier for doctors to signal to the authorities when a person is at risk of violence.

菲利普表示，將修改醫療保密規定，使醫生更容易在一個人面臨暴力威脅時向當局發出信號。之前人們廣泛呼籲採取這一舉措。

Philippe also pledged to seize firearms from abusive spouses and better train police as part of a package of measures, worth millions of euros, to reduce the number of women killed by their partners.

菲利普還承諾，將沒收施暴者的槍支，並加強對警察的培訓，作爲一項耗資數百萬歐元的一攬子措施的一部分，目的是減少被伴侶殺害的婦女人數。

Other measures include the creation of 1,000 new places in shelters for victims of domestic violence and expanding the use of electronic bracelets to prevent offenders approaching their victims.

其他措施還包括爲家庭暴力受害女性在避難所增設1000個新牀位，以及擴大使用電子腳鏈以防止罪犯接近受害者。

He said that the new measures would be inscribed in a bill to be presented to the French parliament in January, and that the plans would benefit from 360 million euros of annual funding.

他說，這些新措施將被寫進一份法案，將於明年1月提交給法國議會，款項來自於3.6億歐元（約合人民幣27.8億元）的年度基金。

Tens of thousands of people demonstrated in France on Saturday in actions organised by the feminist group #NousToutes (All of Us) to demand an end to violence against women.

上週六，法國數萬人參加了由女權主義組織“我們所有人”組織的遊行活動，要求結束針對女性的暴力。

But while welcoming the proposed tightening of laws, feminist advocates regretted the lack of more concrete help.

然而，儘管女權主義者對法案中嚴格的法律規定表示歡迎，但他們對缺乏更具體的幫助感到遺憾。

"The government has missed the target," said Caroline De Haas of #NousToutes.

“政府沒有切中要害，”來自該組織的卡羅琳·德·哈斯說。

The head of the Foundation of Women, Anne-Cecile Mailfert, said the government was not offering more help to the associations which are increasingly being approached by victims of domestic violence.

婦女基金會主席安妮·塞西爾·梅爾弗特說，越來越多的家暴受害者向一些協會尋求幫助，但是政府並沒有向這些協會提供更多支持。

Equality Minister Marlene Schiappa vowed in an interview with the Figaro newspaper that funds would be available for all the new measures, while emphasising that the "fight against marital violence is not just a question of money".

負責性別平等的部長馬琳·斯基亞帕在接受《費加羅報》採訪時承諾，將爲所有新措施提供資金，同時強調“反對婚姻暴力不僅僅是錢的問題”。

Indicating the scale of the problem across Europe, the German government said Monday that 122 women were killed in femicide crimes in 2018, down from 147 the previous year.

德國政府本週一表示，2018年有122名女性被殺，較前一年的147人有所下降，這表明在整個歐洲這一問題很普遍。

But the number of women who reported being victims of violence in Germany increased to 114,393 last year from 113,965.

但在德國，自稱遭到家暴的女性人數從去年的11萬3965人增加到11萬4393人。

And in a rare move, global police cooperation organisation Interpol launched an international appeal on Monday to find eight men suspected of murdering or committing violence against women.

全球警察合作組織國際刑警組織週一罕見地向全球發出呼籲，通緝八名涉嫌謀殺或對女性實施暴力的男子。

In 2017, some 87,000 women and girls were murdered worldwide, according to a 2018 report from the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).

根據聯合國毒品和犯罪問題辦公室2018年的報告，2017年，全球約有8.7萬名婦女和女孩被謀殺。