世衛組織：全球每40秒就有一人死於自殺 高收入國家自殺率最高

根據世界衛生組織新發布的報告，全球每40秒鐘就有一個人自殺身亡，男性的自殺率高於女性，只有中國、緬甸、孟加拉等幾個國家例外。高收入國家的自殺率最高，美洲是唯一一個自殺率上升的地區。

The number of people worldwide who die from suicide is declining but one person still kills themselves every 40 seconds, according to new figures from the World Health Organization, which said countries needed to do more to stop these preventable deaths.

世界範圍內死於自殺的人數在下降，但根據世界衛生組織的新數據，每40秒鐘仍有一個人自殺身亡，世界衛生組織指出，世界各國應該做出更多努力，阻止這些可預防的死亡發生。

Between 2010 and 2016, the global suicide rate decreased by 9.8%, the UN health body said in its second report on the issue. The only region to see an increase was the Americas.

世界衛生組織在第二份自殺死亡報告中寫道，2010年至2016年間，全球自殺率下降了9.8%。美洲是唯一一個自殺率上升的地區。

"Every death is a tragedy for family, friends and colleagues. Yet suicides are preventable. We call on all countries to incorporate proven suicide prevention strategies into national health and education programs in a sustainable way," said WHO Director-General, Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.

世界衛生組織的總幹事特沃德羅斯·阿達諾姆博士說：“每一起死亡對家人、朋友和同事來說都是悲劇。然而自殺是可以防止的。我們呼籲所有國家用可持續的方式將經過驗證的自殺預防策略加入國民健康和教育計劃中。”

WHO said close to 800,000 people die by suicide every year, more than those lost to malaria, breast cancer, or war and homicide, calling it a "serious global public health issue." It said only 38 countries had suicide prevention strategies.

世界衛生組織稱，每年有近80萬人死於自殺，超過死於瘧疾、乳腺癌、戰爭和兇殺案的人數，並將自殺稱爲“嚴重的全球公共健康問題”。世界衛生組織表示，只有38個國家有自殺預防策略。

Suicide rates were higher than the global, age-standardized average -- 10.5 per 100,000 people -- in Africa, Europe and Southeast Asia.

在非洲、歐洲和東南亞，自殺率超過年齡標準化全球平均水平——每10萬人10.5個。

Worldwide, more men killed themselves than women, WHO said, with 7.5 suicide deaths per 100,000 women and 13.7 suicides per 100,000 men. The only countries where the suicide rate was estimated to be higher in women than men were Bangladesh, China, Lesotho, Morocco, and Myanmar.

世界衛生組織稱，在世界範圍內，自殺的男性比女性更多，每10萬個女性中有7.5人自殺，而每10萬個男性中有13.7人自殺。女性自殺率超過男性的國家只有孟加拉國、中國、萊索托、摩洛哥和緬甸。

"While 79% of the world's suicides occurred in low- and middle-income countries, high-income countries had the highest rate, at 11.5 per 100,000" people, WHO said.

世界衛生組織稱：“儘管世界上79%的自殺發生在中低收入國家，高收入國家的自殺率卻是最高的，每10萬人中有11.5人自殺。”

"Nearly three times as many men as women die by suicide in high-income countries, in contrast to low- and middle-income countries, where the rate is more equal," the WHO statement said.

該組織的報告稱：“高收入國家中死於自殺的男性數量是女性的近三倍，相比之下，中低收入國家男性和女性的自殺率更接近。”

"Suicide was the second-leading cause of death among young people aged 15-29 years, after road injury. Among teens aged 15-19 years, suicide was the second-leading cause of death among girls (after maternal conditions) and the third-leading cause of death in boys, after road injury and interpersonal violence."

“自殺是15歲到29歲年輕人的第二大死因，僅次於道路交通傷害。在15歲到19歲的青少年當中，自殺是女孩的第二大死因（僅次於分娩死亡）和男孩的第三大死因（僅次於道路交通傷害和人際暴力）。”

WHO said one way to bring down the global suicide rate would be to limit access to pesticides, which -- along with hanging and firearms -- are the most common method of suicide. For example, in Sri Lanka, a series of bans on highly hazardous pesticides led to a 70% decrease in suicides, saving an estimated 93,000 lives from 1995 and 2015. Similarly, in South Korea, a ban on the herbicide paraquat was followed by a 50% decrease in suicide deaths from pesticide poisoning from 2011-2013.

世界衛生組織稱，降低全球自殺率的方法之一就是限制人們獲取殺蟲劑（農藥）的渠道，農藥、上吊和槍支是自殺最常用的三種方法。舉例來說，在斯里蘭卡，對高風險農藥的一系列禁令導致自殺率下降了70%，據估計在1995年到2015年期間拯救了9.3萬條生命。韓國也出臺了一個類似的百草枯（除草劑）禁令，導致2011年到2013年間喝農藥自殺的死亡人數下降了50%。

paraquat['pærəkwɑt]: n. [農藥] 百草枯，[農藥] 對草快（除草劑名稱）

Other steps the WHO said have helped reduce suicides include educating the media on how to report responsibly on suicide, identifying people at risk early and helping young people build skills that help them cope with life stresses.

據世界衛生組織介紹，其他有助於降低自殺率的措施包括教育媒體如何負責任地對自殺進行報道，在早期識別出有自殺風險的人，幫助年輕人培養應對生活壓力的技能。

World suicide prevention day is September 10.

世界預防自殺日是9月10日。