改革印記：從彩電冰箱“四大件”到“買遍全球”

11月10日，首屆中國國際進口博覽會在上海閉幕。預計未來15年，中國進口商品和服務將分別超過30萬億美元和10萬億美元。

改革開放40年，中國一步步晉升爲“世界工廠”，又逐漸轉變爲“世界市場”，一邊是中國企業“賣全球”，另一邊則是企業和消費者“買全球”。

從側重擴大出口到更加註重進口，這40年見證了中國逐步對外開放的歷史進程。

1978-1988: NEW LOOK 新面貌

A 1978 Japanese documentary, China's New Look, featured a scene that said everything about what the Chinese craved back then. In front of an old-fashioned television set, dozens of Shanghainese gathered around to watch a TV show.
1978年，一部名爲《中國的新面貌》的日本紀錄片中有一個場景展示了當時那個年代，中國人普遍追求的東西。鏡頭裏面，一羣上海人圍在一個老式電視機前一起看電視劇。

In 1981, only one out of every 170 urban households in China had a color television. Having a TV set at home was something worth boasting about, especially when a man would propose.
1981年，中國每170戶城鎮居民家中只有一戶擁有一臺彩色電視機。家裏有臺電視是一件值得炫耀的事情，男士們去提親的時候尤其如此。

As China started to open its doors to foreign manufacturers, a TV, a refrigerator and a washing machine became a "must-have" home appliances set for a typical middle-class family.
隨着中國向外國製造商打開大門，電視、冰箱、洗衣機成爲中產家庭的必備電器。

"With more electronic products available, color televisions, cassette recorders, stereo components, record players and electronic games and toys, which were only a dream just a decade ago, can now be found in millions of Chinese homes," read a Xinhua story in 1987.
新華社1987年的一篇文章指出：“隨着電子產品越來越多，彩電、錄音機、音響組件、唱片機、電子遊戲以及玩具等10年前僅存在於夢裏的東西，如今已走入千家萬戶。”

1988-1998: WEST MEETS EAST 當西方遇見東方

In October 1990, the first outlet of McDonald's on the Chinese mainland opened for business in Shenzhen, a southern city at the forefront of China's opening-up.
1990年10月，麥當勞在中國大陸的第一家分店在深圳開張，深圳是中國開放的前沿城市。

The western fast-food chain quickly became the hottest tourist spot in town. Curious Chinese consumers lined up in front of the 20 cashiers of the three-story building, shouting to the staff "I want 10 big macs," recalled a trainee with McDonald's at that time.
這家西式快餐連鎖店迅速成爲深圳最火的旅遊景點。當時的一位實習生回憶說，那家店當時有三層，一共有20個收銀臺，好奇的中國消費者在收銀臺前排着長隊，衝着店員喊“我要十個巨無霸。”

A meal at McDonald's was never so fast. China's new rich would line up at the fancy western restaurant for two hours to chat with friends, discuss businesses or even have a date.
在麥當勞吃飯也絕不可能速戰速決。中國的新貴階層會在裝修考究的店裏排隊2個小時，然後跟朋友聊天、談論工作，甚至還可以約個會。

While McDonald's stood for fashion, a Volkswagen's Santana car was a symbol for status. As many Chinese once said, somewhat jokingly: "As long as you have a Santana, you have nothing to fear driving all around the world."
如果麥當勞代表時尚，那麼大衆牌桑塔納轎車代表的就是地位。正如很多中國人曾經開玩笑說的：“擁有桑塔納，走遍天下都不怕。”

The German automaker set up its first joint venture (JV) with SAIC Motor in Shanghai in 1985. By the end of 1991, the JV produced more than 100,000 Santana cars in total.
1985年，德國大衆汽車公司與上汽集團合作成立了首家合資企業。到1991年底，該合資企業生產的桑塔納轎車超過10萬輛。

Following the success, Volkswagen has been expanding its footprint in China, with the establishment of a second venture, FAW Volkswagen, in northeastern city of Changchun in 1991, and a third in Hefei, eastern Anhui province, in 2017.
順着成功的軌跡，大衆在中國不斷擴大，1991年在長春建立了第二家合資企業——一汽大衆，2017年在安徽省合肥市建立了第三家合資企業。