如何看穿聖誕禮物是否合他人心意
Tis the season to be jolly – but not if you receive a Christmas present that, with the best will in the world, you don’t really like.
這是個快樂的節日——除非你無論如何都不喜歡自己收到的聖誕禮物。
It’s also not much fun giving someone a present and suspecting that they’re not overly keen on it.
送出禮物後擔心別人不喜歡，也是一件令人頭疼的事。
But just how do you tell if someone genuinely likes their gift, or is masking disappointment?
那麼，你要如何知道別人是真心實意地喜歡禮物，還是虛情假意地掩飾失望呢？
MailOnline met Dr Simon Moore, a chartered psychologist with the British Psychological Society, to discover the verbal and physical signs that reveal what people really think of their present.
《每日郵報》網站（Mail Online）採訪了英國心理學會（British Psychological Society）的特許心理學家西蒙·摩爾（Simon Moore）博士，他發現一些語言和肢體信號，可以暴露出人們對於禮物的真實想法。
A survey by eBay revealed that 59% of people are steeling themselves to feign delight if they unwrap presents they don’t want this today good news for those worried about their acting skills, said Dr Moore, is that spotting fake happiness is quite hard, with the detection rate for the average person being around 40 to 50 per cent.
據eBay的一項調查顯示，有59%的人在拆開自己不喜歡的禮物時會假裝高興。摩爾博士說：“有一個好消息要告訴那些擔心自己演技的人，假裝高興是很難被別人發覺的，一般人被看穿的機率約爲40%-50%。
A select few, he says, will be able to correctly see through around seven or eight out of 10 attempts to fake joy.
他說，只有少數人能有七、八成的把握看穿別人是在假裝高興。
The trick to up your detection rate, said Dr Moore, is never to look for one or two signals, but a cluster of them.
摩爾博士表示，要識破一個人是否在假裝開心，永遠不要只看一個或兩個信號，而是要從幾個方面結合起來觀察。
And here are the major clues:
下面就是一些主要線索：
THE FACE FREEZES
面部僵硬
The first signs of feigning delight occur as the present is pulled out of the box, according to Dr Moore – and it’s a momentary facial freeze as the receiver tries to work out how they’re going to pull the wool over the eyes of the giver.
摩爾博士說，第一個說謊的跡象是在拆開禮物的時候，收到禮物的人面部表情會短暫地僵硬，因爲他們在思考着如何才能矇蔽送禮者的眼睛。
Dr Moore said: ‘It’s the microseconds of you trying to find that template – if you want to be happy, it’s you trying to work out what you need to look like.
他說：“你有幾微秒的時間發現此跡象，也只有幾微秒的時間想好你如何去裝模作樣。”
‘If you’re good, you’ll pick up on those things. It’s very quick. It happens over a few hundredths of a second. The quick search you do when you need to project happiness. It’s like a car going into neutral, then all of a sudden you find the gear. You’ve got to find that gear. If you’re tuned into it, you’ll pick it up.’
“如果你能力很強，就能捕捉這些跡象。它在很短時間內發生，一般只有百分之幾秒。當你試圖假裝高興時也需要快速地完成。就像你開車時掛入空擋，然後突然間發現齒輪組轉動。你一定要發現這種跡象，並且捕捉它。”AGITATION
躁動不安
Going on the fake produces agitation, Dr Moore explained, because when we’re stressed we produced energy that needs to be dissipated. This can manifest itself in a variety of ways.
裝模作樣會讓人感到躁動不安，摩爾博士解釋到，當我們緊張時身體會產生多餘的能量，而這些能量會以多種方式呈現出來。
Dr Moore said: ‘Liars tend to do tapping kind of behaviour. They’ll tap their feet, they’ll shake their leg – like a rattlesnake.
他說：“說謊者會做敲打之類的行爲。他們會輕打自己的腳，或者搖晃着雙腿——像一條響尾蛇。
‘If the person is trying to think how to feign delight, they’ll start getting agitated. So you either sit dead still, because you’re trying to control yourself. For example, you’ll see celebrities on TV sitting dead straight while they’re getting quizzed. It’s a sure sign that they’re trying to control their non-verbal signs.
“如果人們想着如何假裝高興，他們會越來越焦慮。所以你會一動不動地坐着，以此來控制自己。比如，你看到電視裏的明星筆挺地坐着接受提問，這就是他們試圖控制自己肢體語言的表現。
‘They’ve been trained. They’ve been told not to move in case they give something away. Or if they sit slightly on the side. That’s another clue.
“明星們接受過訓練，他們知道萬一不小心說漏嘴了也別移動身子。或者他們的身體略微偏向一邊，這是另一種提示線索。
‘If you want to protest that you’re telling the truth you’re animated, you’re bothered about it, you’re engaged. But it’s a different kind of animation.’
“也許你會抗議，說自己確實感到高興時也會這麼做，但兩種興奮的表現是不一樣的。”
TOUCHING THE FACE AND SHAKING THE HEAD
摸臉和搖頭
Those in the lying game often touch their face a bit more as they push their deception.
說謊者常常會摸自己的臉，因爲他們想讓別人相信自己的謊言。
It’s a way of smothering the parts of our face we think are going to give the game away.
這種遮掩部分臉的行爲會讓說謊者露出馬腳。
Dr Moore said: ‘You’ll perhaps touch the face a bit more. What you’re subconsciously trying to do is hide your mouth and eyes.
摩爾博士說：“你可能會更頻繁地摸臉，因爲你在潛意識中想隱藏自己的嘴巴和眼睛。
He added: ‘And liars will make non-verbal mistakes along the lines of saying “yes”, but shake their head at the same time.’
他補充說：“說謊者還會犯一些非語言錯誤，比如在說‘是’的同時搖頭。”LEAN MACHINE
身體傾斜
According to Dr Moore, we move towards things we like, and away from those that we don’t. And stand on our toes if we’re displeased.
據摩爾博士說，我們的身體趨向於靠近喜愛的事物，而遠離討厭的事物。當我們不開心的時候還會微微踮起腳尖。
‘If you lean away, that’s usually a sign,’ he said. ‘If we don’t like something we tend to stand on the tops of our feet, on tip-toe. So if they’re sitting down they’ll lean back.’
“當你身體後傾，這通常就是種信號。”博士說，“當我們不喜歡某事物的時候，我們會微微踮起腳尖。如果是在坐着的時候，我們會向後傾斜身體。”
SMILES BETTER
更迷人的笑容
If the receiver of the gift is faking it, the smile could give the game away too.
如果接受禮物的人假裝喜歡，那他的笑容也會讓他露出馬腳。
‘If you think you’re doing well you get what we call the smug smile which says “I’m getting away with this”,’ said Dr Moore. ‘It’s not a natural smile. It’s a half smile.’
“如果你覺得選對了禮物並得到了一個自以爲很迷人的微笑，這微笑往往意味着他想趕緊擺脫這件事，”摩爾博士說，“這不是一個自然的微笑，它只有一半是真心的。”
ON THE BLINK
說謊眨眼
Keep an eye on fluttering eyelids, if you want to root out deception.
如果你想察覺到謊言，仔細觀察對方是否有眨眼。
Dr Moore said: ‘There’s also some research to suggest that if you’re lying, your blink rate decreases. And then afterwards you blink more. It’s almost like relief. But that’s contentious. There’s debate about that one.’
摩爾博士說：“還有一些研究表明當人們在撒謊的時候，他們的眨眼頻率會下降。而在撒謊之後，眨眼頻率又會回升，就像在緩解一樣。但是這是很有爭議性的，科學家們也對這個理論進行爭辯。”PITCHING IN
音調升高
You’ll need to keep your eyes and ears open to home in on bluffing, because those doing it speak a lot more and at a higher pitch.
你要仔細地觀察和傾聽，因爲人們說謊時音調會往往上揚。
Dr Moore said: ‘The tone of your voice will go up in pitch if you’re not being truthful. It’s a strain thing. You get these layer effects. You’re thinking “what have I got to look like?”, “what have I got to say?” It’s a lot of things to deal with in your mind. And you can’t practice it. And you’ve got to do it live. One take.
摩爾博士說：“當你不誠實的時候，你講話的音調會變高，這是緊張引起的。因爲你有很多要考慮到的事情，比如‘我的面部表情應該如何?’，‘我應該說些什麼?’，諸如此類的一系列考慮充斥在你的腦海中。但是你沒有練習的機會，你必須一次性直播完這一切。”
‘Some people over-compensate and say “oh, it’s fantastic!” That can denote that someone’s faking it. It’s almost as if they’re trying to convince themselves.
有些人過於浮誇地說出“喔，這簡直太棒了！”。這說明他們是做作地說出來的，就好像是在試圖說服自己一樣。
‘They talk longer. So they actually fill up sentences longer.’
“他們話會變多，所以實際上他們也加長了每句話。”
There are a number of reasons for this, according to Dr Moore. And one is to stop protest in its tracks.
摩爾博士說，這是由很多原因導致的，其中一個就是說謊者希望能阻止別人發現他說謊。
He said: ‘There are two methods of psychological persuasion. There’s facts and figures, but 80 per cent of people are persuaded by peripheral cues, like how attractive someone is, how knowledgeable we think they are, what’s their status, do we like them…
他說：“有兩種精神勸說的途徑，均有事實和數據可以證明。百分之八十的人是被‘外圍提示’說服的，比如某個人長得好不好看、學識如何、地位高低、是否被大家喜歡……”
‘So if you talk fast it does two things. One it suggests you know a lot about it, secondly, if I’m talking, you can’t talk, so you can’t protest. And if I give you lots of information, your brain can’t defend against it. So if someone doesn’t like something they might talk a lot about it. Partly because they’re energised, partly because they’re trying to convince you that they like it.’
所以人們說話快有兩個效用，一是可以顯示你瞭解很多，二是當我說話時你便不能說話，這就阻止了你發現和指出我撒謊。還有就是當我的話語給出了大量的信息，那麼你的大腦就不能及時反應並發現其中的問題。所以當某人不喜歡禮物的時候，他反而可能說大量有關這個禮物的話。有可能只是由於他精力充沛，但也可能是因爲他想要說服你他喜歡這件禮物。”
EYE EYE
眼睛之間
Finally, watch for a tiny crease appearing between the eye.
最後，你還可以觀察他們是否表現出了微小的皺眉。
‘That’s a sign they’re not happy,’ added Dr Moore.
“這是他們不開心的標誌。”，摩爾博士補充說。SIGNS THAT YOU’VE GOT IT RIGHT
如何看出你買對了禮物
It’s much easier to tell if someone is happy. For instance, if they give you a hug and a kiss, you’ve done something right.
相比之下，判斷一個人是否開心就容易多了。比如，倘若他們給你一個擁抱或熱吻，那你一定買對了。
There are a few other signs, though.
不過，也有一些其他跡象能表明對方真心喜歡你送的禮物。
Dr Moore said: ‘Their eyes will light up and there will be a natural smile. Their eyebrows will probably go up. They won’t say much. They won’t need to say much. So they might say “oh this is great, thanks”. And that’s all they need to say. Natural stuff is quick and short. They will lean forward, look a little bit animated. And the voice will more or less stay the same.’
摩爾博士說：“他們會眼睛一亮而且展現自然的微笑。他們的眉毛會上揚。他們明白一切盡在不言中，所以也許只說一句‘這很棒，謝謝你’，但這已經足夠了。自然的事物總是簡短而輕快的。他們的身體會向前傾斜，看起來活潑而興奮。而他們的音調則或多或少停留在同一高度。”
If you're still not sure either way, look out for someone making a steeple with their hands, said Dr Moore, that's often a sign of honesty.
如果你還不確定的話，摩爾博士告訴我們，看看他們是否做出尖塔式手勢，這往往就是誠實的標誌。
