WHO公佈全球最愛喝酒榜 英國未進前十

People in the UK are among the most prolific drinkers in the world, according to a report released by the World Health Organisation (WHO).

Britons over the age of 15 on average drink 11.6 litres of pure alcohol a year, according to the “Global status report on alcohol and health 2014”.

The report provides country profiles for alcohol consumption in the 194 WHO member states, looking at the resulting impact on public health and policy responses.

And it reveals that the harmful use of alcohol causes 3.3 million deaths a year worldwide.

Europe is the region with the highest consumption of alcohol per person, making up the entire top 10.

Belarus takes the top spot, with people on average drinking 17.5 litres of pure alcohol a year, followed by the Republic of Moldova where the figure is 16.8 litres.

Australia and Canada also have high levels of alcohol consumption, with people on average drinking 12.2 and 10.2 litres a year respectively.

In the United States the figure is marginally lower at 9.2 litres.

But in northern Africa and the Middle East, the average figure is less than 2.5 litres of alcohol per person, with many countries having figures below one litre.

The average figure globally is 6.2 litres of pure alcohol per person per year.

But as less than half the world population (38.3 per cent) actually drinks alcohol, this means that those who do drink consume on average 17 litres of pure alcohol annually, the report said.

The WHO warned that alcohol consumption increases the risk of developing more than 200 diseases, including liver cirrhosis and some cancers.

Dr Oleg Chestnov, WHO assistant director-general for non-communicable diseases and mental health, said: “More needs to be done to protect populations from the negative health consequences of alcohol consumption.

"The report clearly shows that there is no room for complacency when it comes to reducing the harmful use of alcohol.”

The report also points out that a higher percentage of deaths among men than among women are from alcohol-related causes - 7.6 per cent of men's deaths and four per cent of women's deaths - though there is evidence that women may be more vulnerable to some alcohol-related health conditions compared to men.

Dr Shekhar Saxena, director for mental health and substance abuse at WHO, said: “We found that worldwide about 16 per cent of drinkers engage in heavy episodic drinking - often referred to as 'binge-drinking' - which is the most harmful to health.

"Lower-income groups are more affected by the social and health consequences of alcohol. They often lack quality health care and are less protected by functional family or community networks."

The report also highlights the need for action by countries including national leadership to develop policies to reduce harmful use of alcohol, national awareness-raising activities and health services to deliver prevention and treatment services, in particular increasing prevention, treatment and care for patients and their families, and supporting initiatives for screening and brief interventions.

The figures represent the average amount of pure alcohol consumed per capita in each country between 2008 and 2010.世界衛生組織公佈的一項報告顯示，英國飲酒者的酗酒量是世界上最高的之一。

《2014年全球酒精與健康狀況報告》稱，15歲以上的英國人年人均攝入酒精11.6升。

該報告提供了世界衛生組織194個成員國的酒精消耗量數據，並研究飲酒對公衆健康和政策效果的影響。

該報告稱全球每年酒精濫用會導致330萬人喪失生命。

歐洲的年人均酒精消耗量居首位，報告中前十的國家均在歐洲。

白俄羅斯居首位，年人均攝入純酒精量爲17.5升，緊隨其後的是摩爾多瓦共和國，16.8升。

澳大利亞和加拿大的酒精消耗量也很高，分別爲每年人均12.2升和10.2升。

美國人的人均攝入量略低，爲9.2升。

但是在北非和中東，人均酒精攝入量低於2.5升，這些地區的許多國家甚至低於1升。

全球的年人均酒精攝入量爲6.2升。

但介於全球不到一半的人（即38.3%）會飲酒，報道指出，這意味着飲酒者每年平均消耗17升純酒精。

世界衛生組織發出警告，飲用酒精會增加200多種疾病的病發機率，包括肝硬化和某些癌症。

世界衛生組織總幹事的助手，奧列格·切斯諾夫博士負責非傳染性疾病和心理健康，他說：“我們需要做出更多努力，來保護人民免與酒精攝入帶來的不良健康影響。”

“這份報告清楚地表明在減少酒精過量攝入方面，我們決不能掉以輕心。”

報告也指出，男性因飲酒導致的死亡率比女性死亡率高，男性爲7.6%，女性爲4%，儘管有研究稱，相比於男性，女性更易罹患由酒精引發的疾病。

世界衛生組織心理健康和藥物濫用方面的主管，舍哈爾·薩克斯內博士說：“我們發現全球大約16%的飲酒者參與短暫性狂飲，他們被稱爲‘酗酒者’，這是最損害健康的。”

“低收入羣體更易受到酒精帶來的社會和健康問題的影響。他們通常缺乏優質的醫療保障，而且很少有和睦的家庭和社區機構的保護。”

這份報告也強調國家需採取措施，領導層應該制定政策來減少使用酒精帶來的危害，通過開展宣傳活動，提高民衆意識，組織衛生活動，提供預防和治療服務，尤其是要加強治療，關心病人，對病人及其家屬進行有效的預防知識普及。同時倡導疾病篩查和短暫的介入治療。

這些數據呈現了從2008年到2012年間每個國家的人均純酒精消耗量。