優秀的英語作文雙語
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爲何養貓會導致失明?
Keeping a pet cat puts owners at greater risk of going blind, but a dog appears to protect eyesight, a new study suggests.
一項最新研究表明，養貓會增加主人失明的風險，但是養狗卻能保護主人的視力。
Scientists have discovered that dogs and cats carry antigens which can prompt different immune responses in humans.
科學家們發現狗和貓身上都攜帶能激起人體的不同免疫反應的抗原。
While the allergen which dogs carry reduces the chance of developing glaucoma – the second leading cause of blindness in theUK– owning a cat nearly doubles the risk of contracting the eye disease.
狗身上攜帶的過敏原會降低主人患青光眼的機率，在英國，青光眼是導致人們失明的第二大誘因，而養貓讓主人感染這一眼疾的風險增加了一倍。
Many pet owners suffer mild allergic reactions to their pets but still choose to keep them. However the new study suggests that even a small immune response could lead to blindness.
許多寵物主人對他們的寵物都有輕微的過敏反應，但是卻堅持養寵物。然而最新研究表明，即使是個很小的免疫反應都有導致失明的危險。
The study by the University of California, Los Angeles, found that cat owners who reacted to their pet allergen had a 90 per cent increased risk of glaucoma compared with non-pet owners. But dog owners were 20 per cent less likely to develop the debilitation condition.
加州大學洛杉磯分校的這項研究發現，如果寵物貓的主人對他們的寵物過敏的話，其患青光眼的風險比沒養寵物的人高90%。但是，寵物狗的主人出現視力減弱的機率卻很可能比一般人低20%。
Keeping a dog also has the added benefit that owners are outside more which has been proven to protect against short-sightedness.
養狗的主人需要經常在戶外活動，這同時也有助於保護主人的視力，不會近視。
“Not only is Fido man's best friend, he may also save your sight,” said British laser eye surgeon Dr David Allamby.
英國激光眼科醫生大衛·阿蘭比博士說：“寵物狗不僅是人類最好的朋友，還可以保護你的視力。”
“Cats could cause our immune system to react in a way that predispose eyes to the development of glaucoma.
“而寵物貓卻會誘發我們的免疫系統做出不同的反應，導致青光眼的出現。”
“Exposure to dogs appears to be linked to the opposite effect and could be protective against the disease.”
“與狗接觸卻會產生相反的作用，並且還能防青光眼。”
Glaucoma occurs when fluid in the eyeball stops draining efficiently, causing a build-up of pressure which damages the optic nerve and nerve fibres from the retina. Previous studies have suggested that inflammation can drive the disease and the researchers wanted to find out if that could be triggered by pet allergens.
青光眼是由於眼球中的液體不能有效排出，導致眼內壓力累積，從而導致視網膜的視神經和神經纖維受損導致的。早前的研究表明炎症能引起青光眼，研究人員同時還想弄清楚，寵物過敏原是否也會導致青光眼。
Animals frequently groom themselves so allergens from saliva and secretions spread throughout the home, becoming airborne easily where they can be inhaled by humans.
由於動物們頻繁地梳理它們自己，所以來自唾液和分泌物的過敏原很快就擴散到整個家裏，接着又通過空氣傳播很容易就被人類吸入體內。
The researchers believe that dogs are healthier for humans because they spend more time outdoors.
研究人員認爲，對人類來說，狗更健康一些，因爲它們大多數時間都在戶外。
“The protective effect of dogs could be due to their natural antigens in their dead skin, but might also be because they spend more time outdoors and are happy to get dirty, whereas cats are cleaner animals,” said Dr Anne Coleman, of UCLA.
加州大學洛杉磯分校的安妮·科爾曼博士表示：“狗的防護作用可能是來自於它們死皮內的自然抗原，但是也可能是由於它們更多時間都在戶外，而且把自己弄髒了也很開心，然而，貓卻是種愛乾淨的動物。”
“We already know that exposure to dogs and the germs and bacteria they carry can be good for the immune system. Now it seems to be the case for the eyes too.
“我們已經知道接觸狗和它們攜帶的細菌對人類免疫系統有益。現在發現這似乎對人類的眼睛也有益處。
“Allergens from cats may have biochemical or physical properties that trigger antibodies targeting the optic nerve, while dog allergens may behave differently, possibly because dogs spend more time outdoors."
“貓身上攜帶的過敏原可能有生物化學性或物理性特徵，能誘發針對視神經的抗體，而狗身上攜帶的過敏原起到的作用卻不同，可能是因爲狗大多數時間都在戶外。”
麥當勞中國更名“金拱門” 炸出一堆段子手
McDonald’s China changed its business name, and consumers aren’t lovin’ it.
麥當勞(中國)有限公司近日更改名稱，然而新名稱似乎並不討消費者喜歡。
Chinese media reported on Wednesday evening that McDonald’s Chinese business changed its company’s name from Maidanglao, a loose transliteration of the English name, to Jingongmen, or Golden Arches, on Oct. 12.
中國媒體週三晚報道說，麥當勞(中國)有限公司已於10月12日將名稱更改爲金拱門(中國)有限公司。原名“麥當勞”是對品牌名稱的大致音譯。
Although the fast food chain reassured its fans on its Weibo microblog that stores in China will still bear the old name, the new moniker was immediately ridiculed by net users for sounding unsophisticated.
儘管該快餐連鎖公司在新浪微博上向其粉絲保證中國的門店不會改名，但新名稱還是因爲聽起來太“土”而遭到網友嘲笑。
一些網友表示，“金拱門”這個名字甚至比“漢堡王”還要接地氣，很有點“中華老字號”的感覺。但也有網友表示很難接受，以後要改口說“我們去吃金拱門”吧!
“Jingongmen sounds like a name for a Peking duck restaurant or a traditional Chinese medicine store,” one Weibo user wrote.
一位微博網友寫道：“金拱門聽起來像是北京烤鴨店或者中藥店鋪的名字。”
“‘金拱門’聽起來還沒有咱們“沙縣國際”洋氣，怎麼配得起麥當勞叔叔的身份和段位?”
“‘金拱門’一開，樂得那位長期屈居城中村的青年華萊士都要開香檳慶祝了：這回名字總算比金拱門大表哥高級了吧?”
一聽就咬不動啊……
Picking a Chinese name can be tricky for foreign brands. US home-sharing company Airbnb earlier this year chose “Aibiying,” or “welcome each other with love,” for its Chinese operations, but the name was badly received for being difficult to pronounce. Last month, NBA team Dallas Mavericks asked its fans to come up with a new Chinese name because the current xiaoniu is a mistranslation, meaning “little cows.”
選擇一箇中國名稱對一些外國品牌來說很傷腦筋。美國的共享住宿公司Airbnb今年早些時候爲其中國業務選擇了“愛彼迎”這一名稱，意思是“用愛歡迎彼此”，但因爲發音拗口遭人嫌棄。上個月，美國職業籃球聯賽達拉斯小牛隊請粉絲們爲他們想一個新隊名，因爲“小牛隊”其實是個誤譯。
麥當勞(中國)爲什麼要改名呢?
麥當勞迴應稱，麥當勞與中信及凱雷成爲戰略合作伙伴後，因業務發展需要，自2017年10月12日起，麥當勞中國總部的企業名稱變更爲“金拱門(中國)有限公司”。
McDonald’s low-key name change came after the fast food chain sold the bulk of its Chinese mainland and Hong Kong business to financial conglomerate CITIC Group and American investment company Carlyle Capital in January.
在麥當勞(中國)有限公司低調改名前，該公司已於今年1月將其中國大陸和香港的大部分業務出售給中信集團和美國投資公司凱雷資本。
McDonald’s opened its first restaurant in China in 1990, and the brand, closely associated with a Western lifestyle, took off. Long lines formed whenever a new location opened. However, in recent years the fast food chain has struggled to maintain its growth momentum in China as more prosperous, health-conscious consumers seek alternative dining options.
麥當勞於1990年在中國開設首家門店，生意迅速火爆起來，其品牌與西方生活方式緊密相連。每當有新店開業，門前總會排起長隊。但近年來，中國消費者越來越富裕，也越來越有健康意識，就餐選擇更多樣化，麥當勞保持在中國的發展勢頭也開始困難起來。
“金拱門”的正確打開方式
麥當勞爲何更名金拱門?網友和媒體給出了幾種解釋。
第一種解釋：麥當勞金色拱門形狀的標誌在西方有個著名的暱稱——Golden Arches，直譯過來就是“金拱門”。
第二種解釋：上個世紀六十年代，麥當勞聽取了美國心理學家路易斯·徹斯金(Louis Cheskin)的建議，使用這個金拱門作爲自己的Logo。徹斯金稱，金色拱門是一種營銷策略，可以讓顧客看到這個標誌時就會想到是一對滋養的乳房——然後他們就餓了。
Around this period, there was discussion for a new logo for McDonald's, and design consultant Louis Cheskin convinced the company to maintain its branding with the arches.
當時大家正討論給麥當勞設計一個新標誌，設計顧問路易斯·徹斯金說服公司保留了原有的金色拱門品牌標誌。
Cheskin argued that the golden arches carried the 'Freudian symbolism of a pair of nourishing breasts,' the BBC reported.
據BBC報道，徹斯金建議說，金拱門“在弗洛伊德學說中象徵着一對有營養的乳房。”
In this time period, the effects of Freudian theory were still reshaping the world and Cheskin's view is a deeply Freudian concept.
在當時，弗洛伊德學說的影響仍在重塑着世界，徹斯金的意見深受弗洛伊德學說的影響。
還有網友考證，“金拱門”之名其實來源於西方的一個童話傳說：故事說的是有一個紅衣老人，每到冬天就騎着馴鹿穿過金拱門，來到每家每戶爲孩子帶來禮物和美食。爲了紀念這個節日，西方人在金拱門前立了一個金拱碑，還有歌謠傳唱：金拱碑，金拱碑，金拱偶的胃……
