託福閱讀經典加試:沙灘的形成試題及答案

託福閱讀加試分爲經典加試和非經典加試，一般情況下考生遇到的情況都是經典加試，即所加試的題目都是固定的幾篇。這裏小編爲就爲大家整理了託福閱讀經典加試沙灘的形成內容分享給大家，希望對大家託福備考有幫助。

託福閱讀經典加試 : 沙灘的形成試題及答案

閱讀經典加試 6Title: 沙灘的形成

概述：包括形成的條件，有一段說 beach 的構成(composition)和 size，beach 的底部的組成。有的 beach 底部是珊瑚，有的是石頭，有的是沙子，但像加州海岸會隨季節變化而變化。另一段講好沙灘的形成需要 smooth 的地理條件，美國東海岸有的地方外圍有什麼保護，所以裏面的 beach還不錯。並拿歐洲作了對比。最後幾段還提到了水對 beach 形成的作用。

託福閱讀材料之國際空間站

The crew of the International Space Station have been forced to reduce power after half the cooling system suddenly shut down over the weekend.

Nasa officials insisted the three Americans and three Russians aboard were not in danger.

Urgent spacewalk repairs are being discussed for this week.

Without thermal controls，temperatures on the ISS‘s Sun-facing side can soar to 121C (250F)，plunging to minus 157C (-250F) on the dark side，Nasa says.

“There might be a comfortable spot somewhere in the middle of the station，but searching for it wouldn’t be much fun，” a statement on its website adds.

The station is now operating on a single string，the Associated Press reports，and has no safeguard in case of further cooling system failures.

Alarms sound

Trouble arose on Saturday night when one of the two ammonia-fed cooling loops shut down，triggering alarms throughout the ISS.

The two ammonia lines ensure that all the station‘s electronic equipment does not overheat.

Astronaut Tracy Caldwell Dyson set in motion equipment shutdown procedures and，with crewmate Douglas Wheelock，installed a jumper cable to keep all the rooms cool.

The Global Positioning System circuit，several power converters and a set of devices that route commands to various pieces of equipment were switched off.

Two of the four gyroscopes - part of the space station’s pointing and navigating system - were initially shut down but the crew installed a jumper cable to bring up a third gyroscope，leaving the station in a much more stable position，AP says.

Flight controllers tried to restart the disabled ammonia pump early on Sunday but the circuit breaker tripped again.

Any repairs later this week almost certainly will involve replacing the faulty ammonia pump，a difficult job that would require two spacewalks，AP adds.

“It‘s pretty clear that we’re going to want to have a course of action to take as quickly as possible，” Nasa spokesman Rob Navias said at the Johnson Space Center in Houston，Texas.

“This is not something we want to linger over.”

Two spare pumps are stored on the outside of the station. Two of the Americans on board are already scheduled to conduct a spacewalk on Thursday for routine maintenance.

No space shuttle visits to the ISS are planned before November.

託福閱讀材料之如何延長友情保質期

time for friendships. Nothing makes closeness fade away more than never talking to or seeing each other. While some bonds of friendship may be strong enough to span long silences, most aren't. If you cherish a person's friendship, make time for him or her, whether it's just the occasional phone call, e-mail or a weekly get-together.

爲朋友騰出時間。不交流，也不見面會讓朋友日漸疏遠。儘管有的友誼足夠牢固，經得起長時間冷卻，但大多數是不行的。如果你珍惜一人友情，就爲他或她留出時間。不管是偶爾打個電話，或是發一封郵件，又或是週末聚會。

1)On your computer at home or work, make a note to "call friends" regularly.

在你公司或家裏的電腦上貼個便條“給朋友打電話”。

2)Keep a Post-it note on the phone, the bathroom mirror, the car dashboard, anywhere you're likely to see it.

貼張便條在電話上，浴室的鏡子上，或汽車擋板上，任何你可能看到的地方。

3)Also make sure your friends' phone numbers are programmed into your phone. Then call a friend when you have a spare 10 minutes.

確認你電話裏存有朋友的電話號碼，有空的時候給朋友打個電話。

4)Schedule a regular once-a-month lunch – same time, same place.

定期安排一個月一次的午餐，同一時間，同一地點。

mber: a true friend doesn't flee when changes occur. Nothing is sadder for new parents than to find that their single friends have abandoned them because of the baby. A good friend is one who stays true through it all – marriage, parenthood, new jobs, new homes, any losses. Just because a situation's changed doesn't mean the person has.

記住：真正是朋友是在發生變故時仍留在你身邊。沒有什麼比這更難過了，剛當爸媽卻發現他們的單身朋友因爲他們有了小孩就放棄了他們。好朋友是能夠經歷一切的：結婚，生兒育女，新工作，新家庭，任何損失。因爲情況改變了並不意味人改變了。

sure you aren't being a burden to a friend. Friendships fade away if there isn't an equilibrium between the give and the take. Be sensitive to how much your friend can and can't offer you – be it time, energy or help – and don't overstep the mark. And vice versa: friendships that drain you will not last. If a friendship is out of balance, talk the situation through.

確保你不會成爲朋友的負擔。如果付出和回報不平衡，友誼會逐漸褪色。對於哪些朋友能給予哪些不能給予要很敏感—無論是時間，精力或幫助，不要逾越界限，反之亦然。拖後腿的友誼不會長久的。如果友誼失去了平衡，就要說出來。

a good listener. It can be the hardest thing in the world to do – simply to listen as he or she pours it all out or is seeking your advice or opinion. To be a better listener, follow this advice:

做一個好的聆聽者。這也許是世界上最難的事情—只是聽他或她的傾訴或是向你尋求建議。做一位好的聆聽者，有以下建議：

1)Maintain eye contact. Offer nods and murmurs to indicate that you understand his or her point of view.

保持眼神交流。時不時的點頭和低語表明你瞭解他的觀點。

2)Don't finish your friend's sentences. If you catch yourself planning your response while your friend is still talking, gently remind yourself to focus.

不要插話。如果當朋友在講話時你正準備迴應，提醒你自己集中精力。

3)Minimize distractions – don't write or read e-mails, open the mail or watch television while you're on the phone to your friend. He or she will hear the lack of interest in your responses.

儘量減少分心—當你在接朋友電話時不要寫或閱讀電子郵件，打開郵件或看電視。他或她會在你的回答中聽到冷漠。

4)Be careful with advice. Assume your friend wants to let off steam, not necessarily ask for a plan of action.

提供建議需謹慎。假使你的朋友只是想發泄不滿，不一定是尋求行動的計劃。

in your friend's corner if he or she's not there to defend him or herself. If you're at a gathering at which someone mentions your friend disparagingly, defend him or her against gossip or criticism. Say, "Mary is my friend, and it makes me feel bad to hear you talk this way." Sooner or later, news of your loyalty will travel back to your pal, and it will deepen your friendship.

當朋友不在場時要站出來爲他們辯護。當你站在一羣人中正在說你朋友的壞話，你要站出來爲他辯護，說，“瑪麗是我的朋友，你們這樣說她，我感覺很不好。”早晚，你朋友會知道你對友情的忠誠，而且會加深你們的友誼。

託福閱讀背景知識之華爾街的故事

華爾街是全美乃至全球的經濟中心，如何能夠在華爾街站住腳呢?選擇一個最受華爾街青睞的職業是最方便的了。

Wall Street has undergone a radical face lift this year, but finance industry recruiters are expected to stick to roughly the same formula when looking to fill entry-level positions with college graduates in the future.

華爾街如今已經徹底改頭換面了。不過，金融業招聘人士在尋找大學畢業生填補初級職位空缺的時候，預計仍將堅持與以往大致相同的甄選原則。

Wealth management, investment banking and research are expected to see a hiring surge in the coming years, according to Joseph Logan, founder and managing director of Pinnacle Group International, a New York executive recruiting firm specializing in the financial services industry.

Pinnacle Group International的創始人兼董事總經理約瑟夫 洛根(Joseph Logan)表示，財富管理、投資銀行和研究領域有望在未來幾年掀起招聘熱潮。Pinnacle Group International是紐約一家專業服務於金融服務業的高管獵頭公司。

'A strong background in accounting plus financial [knowledge in] evaluation is the key-and being well-rounded will help a lot,' says David Smith, an associate professor at the McIntire School of Commerce at the University of Virginia who specializes in corporate finance and banking. Strong social skills and the ability to think creatively are important to round out more technical and quantitative talents.

“會計和財務估值方面的過硬背景是應聘成功的關鍵，知識全面也會大有幫助，”弗吉尼亞大學(University of Virginia)麥金太爾商學院(McIntire School of Commerce)專門從事企業財務和銀行業研究的副教授史密斯(David Smith)表示。出色的社交技能和創新思維能力對於那些偏重技術性和數理方面的人才來說是個重要的補充。

Mr. Smith, who helps prepare students for finance job interviews, advises the students who want to head to Wall Street to eschew finance fads like the current demand in restructuring or credit derivatives which were hot two years ago and focus on becoming fluent in accounting and financial evaluation fundamentals that are applicable to any specialty. As the economy recovers more traditional financial services functions, such as mergers and acquisitions advisory will make a comeback, according to Mr. Smith .

史密斯幫助學生們爲金融職位面試做準備。他向那些希望在華爾街發展的學生們建議說，要避開金融業一時的潮流,比如眼下對兩年前頗爲流行的重組或者信用衍生品方面的人才需求，而將目光集中在像會計和財務估值基本知識這樣適用於所有金融領域的研究。隨着經濟的復甦,那些更爲傳統的金融服務業務比如併購諮詢行業將重新煥發活力,史密斯表示。

託福閱讀經典加試 : 沙灘的形成試題及答案