懷孕那些事

The data on drinking alcohol while pregnant is problematic

有關孕期喝酒的數據令人擔憂

Yes, the Mayo Clinic writes that "there is no amount of alcohol that's known to be safe to consume during pregnancy," and the CDC would echo that "[a]ny amount of alcohol during pregnancy is harmful." But it's fascinating looking at the research.

是的，梅奧診所寫道"懷孕期間喝酒是不安全的，無論喝多少，"且疾病預防與控制中心也迴應道"孕期飲酒有害健康。"但以往關於這方面的研究還是很有意思的。

As recently as 1977, public health officials suggested that expectant mothers have no more than two alcoholic beverages daily, writes Garbes. By 1981, the surgeon general was recommending that even those considering becoming pregnant abstain completely. Because testing the effect of alcohol on pregnant women is unethical, it's difficult to discern whether, say, a drink a week actually has a negative effect on a fetus.

早在1977年，公共衛生官員就已經表示：準媽媽每天飲酒不應超過2杯，加爾貝斯寫道。到了1981年，外科醫生建議，打算懷孕的女性也應該滴酒不沾。因爲檢測酒精對孕婦的影響是不道德的，所以很難辨別每週一杯酒是否會對胎兒造成負面影響。

Garbes notes that author Emily Oster, an economist, examined the original research, and found what she called "overinterpretation of flawed studies." Oster-who is not, it's worth mentioning, a physician-concluded that occasionally drinking alcohol was probably fine.

加爾貝斯指出經濟學家、作家艾米麗·奧斯特查看了初始研究，發現了她所稱之爲的"有缺陷研究的過度解讀。"值得一提的是，奧斯特並不是一名醫生，她總結道：偶爾喝酒可能並無大礙。

This is a personal choice, and it's worth reiterating that many doctors, including The American Academy of Pediatrics, recommend against drinking any alcohol at all.

這取決於個人選擇，但值得重申的是：很多醫生，包括美國兒科學會，都建議不要飲酒。

Constant caretaking can shorten labor and lower C-section rates

持續照料可縮短分娩時間、降低剖腹產的機率

Doulas-people, typically women, certified by an international association who provide support throughout pregnancy and labor-have been having real, positive effects on birth, studies show. Garbes writes that "continuous, nonjudgmental labor support and care" can produce lower C-section rates, less use of pain medications, and shorter births, by 40 minutes on average.

研究表明：助產婆--通常是女性，由國際協會頒發證書，能在孕婦懷孕和分娩期間提供支持--真的能爲分娩過程帶來積極影響。加爾貝斯寫道，"持續的、客觀的分娩支持和照料"能降低剖腹產的機率、減少止痛藥的使用、縮短分娩時間（平均縮短40分鐘）。

"Due dates are bullsh*t"

"預產期都是騙人的"

Garbes cites the American Pregnancy Association in that only about 5% of babies emerge on their estimated due dates. Five percent! It feels about as likely as winning The Price is Right. She suggests it'd be more accurate to anticipate a four-week window for a baby's arrival.

加爾貝斯引用美國懷孕協會的說法，只有5%的寶寶是在預產期內出生的。只有5%啊！就像在贏價格競猜遊戲一樣。她建議道，預產期前後四周內，寶寶出生的機率更大。

Don't say, "You can try again." Say, "You will recover."

不要說"你可以再生一個。"請說"你會恢復的。"

Though it may be tempting to offer a woman who has miscarried the encouragement that she can try again, writes Garbes, one should instead tell a patient that she can recover and work through her loss. For a woman who has just miscarried, the last thing she might want to consider is trying again.

儘管你很想給流產者一些鼓勵，比如說"你還可以再生的，"加爾貝斯寫道，但實際上，我們應該對病人說"你會從喪子之痛中恢復過來的"。因爲對於剛剛流產的女性而言，她們最不想考慮再生一個。