《紐約時報》年度圖書100本(4)
THE INVENTION OF NATURE: Alexander Von Humboldt’s New World. By Andrea Wulf. (Knopf, $30.) Wulf offers a highly readable account of the German scientist’s monumental journey in the Americas.
《發明自然：亞歷山大·馮·洪堡的新世界》(The Invention Of Nature: Alexander Von Humboldt’s New World)，安德里亞·瓦爾夫(Andrea Wulf)著（Knopf出版社，30美元）。瓦爾夫描寫了這位德國科學家裏程碑式的美洲之旅，可讀性極強。
JONAS SALK: A Life. By Charlotte DeCroes Jacobs. (Oxford University, $34.95.) Salk’s polio vaccine brought instant celebrity, but many colleagues were resentful, this excellent biography shows.
《喬納斯·索爾克傳》(Jonas Salk: A Life)，夏洛特·德克羅斯·雅克布斯(Charlotte DeCroes Jacobs)著（Oxford University出版社，34.95美元）。這本精彩的傳記揭示出索爾克的脊髓灰質炎疫苗令他一舉成名，但很多同事很怨恨他。
KATRINA: After the Flood. By Gary Rivlin. (Simon & Schuster, $27.) A former Times reporter examines the personalities and process behind New Orleans’s reconstruction, including the often corrupt horse trading that went on in the early days.
《卡特琳娜：洪水之後》(Katrina: After the Flood)，家裏·裏夫林(Gary Rivlin)著（Simon & Schuster出版社，27美元）。前《紐約時報》記者審視新奧爾良重建過程背後的人格與程序，包括早期腐敗叢生的政治交易。
KILLING A KING: The Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin and the Remaking of Israel. By Dan Ephron. (Norton, $27.95.) In an electrifying narrative, Rabin’s attempt to peace is juxtaposed with his s plan to thwart it by killing him.
《殺死國王：暗殺伊扎克·拉賓與以色列的重塑》(Kill A King: The Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin and the Remaking of Israel)，丹·埃夫隆(Dan Ephron)著（Norton出版社，27.95美元）。以充滿激情的敘事，描寫了拉賓和平談判的努力，以及暗殺者通過刺殺他破壞和平談判的計劃。
LETTERS TO V刀A. By Vladimir Nabokov. Edited and translated by Olga Voronina and Brian Boyd. (Knopf, $40.) For more than half a century, Nabokov wrote to his wife about his books, his meals and his observations, in exquisite and evocative detail.
《給薇拉的信》(Letters TO Vera)，弗拉迪米爾·納博科夫(Vladimir Nabokov)著，奧爾加·弗羅尼納(Olga Voronina)與布萊恩·波伊德(Brian Boyd)編輯並翻譯（Knopf出版社，40美元）。半個世紀以來，納博科夫一直給妻子寫信，談及他的書、他的飲食以及他的觀察，充滿優美細節，令人產生共鳴。
LISTENING TO STONE: The Art and Life of Isamu Noguchi. By Hayden Herrera. (Farrar, Straus & Giroux, $40.) Noguchi’s mother, a fascinating and tragic figure, haunted his expression much as she haunts the pages of Herrera’s elegant biography.
《傾聽岩石：野口勇的藝術與生活》(Listen To Stone: The Art and Life of Isamu Noguchi)，海登·海倫拉(Hayden Herrera)著（Farra, Straus & Giroux出版社，40美元）。野口勇的母親是一位迷人而充滿悲劇色彩的人物，她一直縈繞在他的作品裏，也在海倫拉這本優美的傳記中徘徊不去。
LOITERING: New and Collected Essays. By Charles D’Ambrosio. (Tin House, paper, $15.95.) D’Ambrosio stands here revealed as one of the smartest, most literary practicing today.
《遊蕩：新舊文集》(Loitering: New and Collected Essays)，查爾斯·達姆布羅西奧(Charles D’Ambrosio)著（Tin House出版社，平裝，15.95美元）。達姆布羅西奧的作品表明他是當今最聰明、最有文學色彩的散文家。
MODERNITY BRITAIN: 1957-62. By David Kynaston. (Bloomsbury, $55.) Kynaston’s brilliant multivolume postwar history continues in this tapestry of social, political and economic change.
《英國的現代性：1957-62》(Modernity Britain: 1957-62)，大衛·基納斯頓(David Kynaston)著（Bloomsbury出版社，55美元）。基納斯頓精彩的多卷本戰後史繼續揭示社會、政治與經濟變革的全景。
THE MONOPOLISTS: Obsession, Fury, and the Scandal Behind the World’s Favorite Board Game. By Mary Pilon. (Bloomsbury, $27.) The real story behind Monopoly, and the woman who went unrecognized for her role in its creation.
《大富翁：世界上最受歡迎的桌遊背後的迷戀、憤怒與醜聞》(The Monopolists: Obsession, Fury, and the Scandal Behind the World’s Favorite Board Game)，瑪麗·皮隆(Mary Pilon)著（Bloomsbury出版社，27美元）。大富翁遊戲背後的真實故事，以及在它的創作過程中的一位不爲人知的女人。
NEGROLAND: A Memoir. By Margo Jefferson. (Pantheon, $25.) In her memoir, the former New York Times critic chronicles a lifetime as a member of Chicago’s black elite.
《黑人之鄉：回憶錄》(Negroland: A Memoir)，瑪戈·傑斐遜(Margo Jefferson)著（Pantheon出版社，25美元）。這位《紐約時報》前任評論家在她的回憶錄中，按年代記述了她身爲芝加哥黑人精英的生活。
NEUROTRIBES: The Legacy of Autism and the Future of Neurodiversity. By Steve (Avery/Penguin Random House, $29.95.) Silberman’s is a broader view of autism, beautifully presented.
《神經部落：孤獨症的遺產與神經多樣性的未來》(Neurotribes: The Legacy of Autism and the Future of Neurodiversity)，史蒂夫·希爾伯曼(Steve Silberman)著（Avery/Penguin Random House出版社，29.95美元）。希爾伯曼的著作廣泛地審視了孤獨症，文筆優美。
OBJECTIVE TROY: A Terrorist, a President, and the Rise of the Drone. By Scott Shane. (Tim Duggan, $28.) A Times reporter’s account of Anwar al-Awlaki, an American citizen killed by a drone, and the changes in policy that led to his death.
《目標特洛伊：一個恐怖主義者，一個總統，以及無人機的崛起》(Objective Troy: A Terrorist, a President, and the Rise of the Drone)，斯科特·尚恩(Scott Shane)著（Tim Duggan出版社，28美元）。《紐約時報》記者描寫美國公民Anwar al-Awlaki被無人機殺害的經過，以及導致他死亡的政策變化。
THE ODD WOMAN AND THE CITY: A Memoir. By Vivian Gornick. (Farrar, Straus & Giroux, $23.) Gornick’s account encompasses her quirky New York encounters but is essentially about being alone.
《奇怪的女人與城市：回憶錄》(The Odd Woman And The City: A Memoir)，薇薇安·格尼克(Vivian Gornick)著（Farrar, Straus & Giroux出版社，23美元）。格尼克的描述圍繞着她在紐約與他人的奇異邂逅，但終歸還是關於孤獨。
ON THE MOVE: A Life. By Oliver Sacks. (Knopf, $27.95.) In this memoir, the neurologist abandons what has been his customary restraint and reveals his own vulnerabilities.
《行動的人生》(On The Move: A Life)，奧利弗·薩克斯(Oliver Sacks)著（Knopf出版社，27.95美元）。在這本回憶錄中，這位作家兼神經科學家放棄了自己平素的剋制，展現出內心的脆弱。
ONE OF US: The Story of Anders Breivik and the Massacre in Norway. By Asne Seier . Translated by Sarah Death. (Farrar, Straus & Giroux, $28.) An exploration of the dark side of Scandinavia today.
《我們中的一人：安德斯·佈雷維克的故事與挪威大屠殺》(One Of Us: The Story of Anders Breivik and the Massacre in Norway)，阿斯尼·塞爾斯塔德(Asne Seierstad)著，莎拉·戴斯(Sarah Death)譯（Farrar Straus & Giroux出版社，28美元）。探索當今北歐的黑暗面。
ORDINARY LIGHT: A Memoir. By Tracy K. Smith. (Knopf, $25.95.) The Pulitzer Prize-winning poet reflects on race, faith and a mother’s devotion, as well as the literary influences that shaped her.
《平凡之光：回憶錄》(Ordinary Light: A Memoir)，崔西·K·史密斯(Tracy K. Smith)著（Knopf出版社，25.95美元）。普利策獲獎詩人思考種族、信仰與母親的風險，以及影響了她的文學作品。
THE OTHER PARIS. By Luc Sante. (Farrar, Straus & Giroux, $28.) Sante, the author of “Low Life,” here celebrates the bohemian, the criminal and the louche in the history of the City of Light.
《另一個巴黎》(The Other PARIS)，盧克·桑塔(Luc Sante)著（Farrar Straus & Giroux出版社，28美元）。桑塔是《低處生活》(Low Life)的作者，在這本書中歌頌光明之城(City of Light)歷史上的波西米亞、犯罪與離經叛道。
THE PRIZE: Who’s in Charge of America’s Schools? By Dale Russakoff. (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, $27.) This brilliantly reported account of Newark’s attempt to right its public schools stars Cory Booker, Chris Christie and Mark Zuckerberg.
《獎賞：誰在管理美國的學校？》(The Prize: Who’s in Charge of America’s Schools?)，戴爾·羅薩科夫(Dale Russakoff)著（Houghton Mifflin Harcourt出版社，27美元）。這本書精彩地描寫了紐瓦克改進公立學校的努力，科利·布克(Cory Booker)、克里斯·克里斯蒂(Chris Christie)與馬克·扎克伯格(Mark Zukerberg)也參與其中。
THE SHAPE OF THE NEW: Four Big Ideas and How They Made the Modern World. By Scott L. Montgomery and Daniel Chirot. (Princeton University, $35.) How capitalism, socialism, evolution and liberal democracy broke decisively with the past.
《新事物的形狀：四個重大觀念以及它們如何塑造了現代世界》(The Shape Of The New: Four Big Ideas and How They Made the Modern World)，斯科特·L·蒙哥馬利(Scott L. Montgomery)與丹尼爾·奇洛特(Daniel Chirot)著（Princeton University出版社，35美元）。資本主義、社會主義、進化與自由民主這四個觀念如何與過去徹底決裂。
SKYFARING: A Journey With a Pilot. By Mark Vanhoenacker. (Knopf, $25.95.) Vanhoenacker has written a chronicle of his aviation career, and an elegant meditation on how flying can lift the soul.
《空中之旅：與飛行員一起旅行》(Skyfaring: A Journey With a Pilot)，馬克·範霍伊納克(Mark Vanhoenacker)著（Knopf出版社，25.95美元）。範霍伊納克按年代記述了自己的航空經歷，優美地沉思着飛行如何提升靈魂。
SPINSTER: Making a Life of One’s Own. By Kate Bolick. (Crown, $26.) How does a woman move through the world alone? Bolick looks for answers in her own life and in that of others.
《未婚女人：自力更生》(Spinster: Making a Life of One’s Own)，凱特·伯裏克(Kate Bolick)著（Crown出版社，26美元）。一個女人怎樣獨自在世界上生活？伯裏克在自己與他人的生活中尋找答案。
SPQR: A History of Ancient Rome. By Mary Beard. (Liveright, $35.) Like New Yorkers, Romans were aggressive and acquisitive and came from somewhere else; Beard’s wonderfully concise history unpacks the secrets of the city’s success.
《SPQR：古羅馬史》(SPQR: A History of Ancient Rome)，瑪麗·伯爾德(Mary Beard)著（Liveright出版社，35美元）。和紐約人一樣，羅馬人有攻擊性、貪得無厭，而且是從其他地方來的；伯爾德精彩而準確的歷史書揭示了這個城市成功的祕密。
STALIN’S DAUGHTER: The Extraordinary and Tumultuous Life of Svetlana Alliluyeva. By Rosemary Sullivan. (Harper, $35.) Sullivan’s biography reveals a complex and tragic figure.
《斯大林的女兒：斯維特拉娜·阿莉盧耶娃非凡而動盪的人生》(Stalin’s Daughter: The Extraordinary and Tumultuous Life of Svetlana Alliluyeva)，羅斯瑪麗·蘇利文(Rosemary Sullivan)著（Harper出版社，35美元）。蘇利文的傳記揭示出一個複雜而充滿悲劇性的人物。
STRANGERS DROWNING: Grappling With Impossible Idealism, Drastic Choices and the Overpowering Urge to Help. By Larissa MacFarquhar. (Penguin Press, $27.95.) A journey through a world of severe altruism and ascetic selflessness.
《陌生人在溺水：與理想主義、極端選擇和幫助他人的強烈衝動鬥爭》(Strangers Drowning: Grappling With Impossible Idealism, Drastic Choices and the Overpowering Urge to Help)，拉里薩·麥克法夸爾(Larissa MacFarquhar)著（Penguin Press出版社，27.95美元）。帶領讀者走進一個極度自我主義與自私的世界。
$2.00 A DAY: Living on Almost Nothing in America. By Kathryn J. Edin and H. Luke Shaefer. (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, $28.) Essential reporting about the rise in destitute families.
《兩美元過一天：一文不名地在美國生活》($2.00 A Day: Living on Almost Nothing in America)，凱瑟琳·J·艾丁(Kathryn J. Edin)與H·盧克·沙伊弗(H. Luke Shaefer)著（Houghton Mifflin Harcourt出版社，28美元）。簡單明瞭地描寫了赤貧家庭的涌現。
THE UNRAVELING: High Hopes and Missed Opportunities in Iraq. By Emma Sky. ( Affairs, $28.99.) The Briton who was the political adviser to American Gen. Ray Odierno from 2007 to 2010 offers an important and disturbing memoir.
《拆散：伊拉克的極大希望與錯失的機會》(THE UNRAVELING: High Hopes and Missed Opportunities in Iraq)，艾瑪·斯凱(Emma Sky)著（PublicAffairs出版社，28.99美元）。這位英國作者2007年到2010年期間曾是美國將軍雷·奧迪耶諾(Ray Odierno)的政治顧問，她帶來這本重要而令人不安的回憶錄。
THE WEATHER EXPERIMENT: The Pioneers Who Sought to See the Future. By Peter Moore. (Farrar, Straus & Giroux, $30.) Unlike many British-centric meteorological histories, Moore’s evocative account pays homage to American contributions.
《天氣試驗：力圖預見未來的先驅者們》(The Weather Experiment: The Pioneers Who Sought to See the Future)，彼得·摩爾(Peter Moore)著（Farrar，Straus & Giroux出版社，30美元）。和很多以英國爲中心的氣象史學家不同，摩爾生動的記述對美國人的貢獻表達了敬意。
WITCHES OF AMERICA. By Alex Mar. (Sarah Crichton/Farrar, Straus & Giroux, $26.) Mar presents a seeker’s memoir told through a quilted veil: a collection of strong journalistic profiles of fascinating modern practitioners of the occult.
《美國女巫》(Witches Of America)，阿歷克斯·馬爾(Alex Mar)著（Sarah Crichton/Farrar Straus & Giroux出版社，26美元）。馬爾帶來一本搜尋者的回憶錄，透過面紗講了下面的故事：一組關於奇妙的現代神祕學修習者們的新聞特寫。
