雙語科技百科(工程建築) 第74期:秦始皇陵兵馬俑
The Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses
The Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses are one of the most significant archeological discoveries in the 20th century. The excavation work is on-going at this site, which is around l. 5 kilometers east of Emperor Qin Shihuang's missed by any visitor to China. Upon ascending the throne at the age of 13 in 246 BC, Qin Shihuang, later the first feudal emperor in the Chinese history, began to work for his mausoleum. It took ii years to finish. It is speculated that many buried treasures and sacrificial objects had accompanied the emperor in his afterlife. A group of peasants uncovered some pottery while digging for a well nearby the royal tomb in 1974. It caught the attention of archeologists immediately, who, after massive on-site excavations, claimed that the Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses had been associated with the Qin Dynasty. The museum covers an area of 16,300 square meters, divided into three sections, .1 Pit, No.2 Pit, and No.3 Pit respectively. No. I Pit, the largest of the three, was first opened to the public on China's National Day, 1979. No. 2 Pit, found in 1976, is 20 meters northeast of No. 1 Pit. It contained over one thousand warriors and 90 chariots. It was unveiled to the public in l994. Archeologists came upon No. 3 Pit also in 1976, 25 meters northwest of No. I Pit. It looked like the command center of the armed forces. It went on display in 1989, with 68 warriors. a war chariot and four horses. Up to now, over 7,000 pottery soldiers and horses, chariots, and weapons have been unearthed from these pits. Most of them have been restored to their former grandeur. The Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses were listed by UNESCO in 1987 as one of the world cultural heritages.
秦始皇陵兵馬俑是20世紀最重要的考古發現之一。在陝西西安市臨潼區秦始皇陵以東約1.5千米處，考古發掘工作正在進行。到中國的遊客都不會錯過參觀這一景點。秦始皇后來成爲中國歷史上首位封建帝王。13歲的他於公元前246年繼承王位之後就着手營造自己的陵墓，歷時11年方修建完成。有人猜測，始皇帝死後有大量的寶物和陪葬品埋入陵墓陪伴這位帝王。1974年，幾個農民在帝王陵寢附近打井時發掘出一些陶製品，這立即引起了考古學家們的注意，他們在經過大量的現場發掘後認爲兵馬俑和秦代關係密切。兵馬俑博物館佔地16300平方米，由三部分組成，即分別是l號俑坑、2號俑坑和3號俑坑。一號坑在三個坑中最大，首先於1979年中國的國慶節當天向公衆開放。1976年發現的2號坑，在一號坑東北方向20米處，有1000多個陶俑和90乘馬車。2號坑於1994年向公衆開放。3號坑也是考古學家在1976年發現的，在l號坑西北方向25米處，該俑坑看上去像是軍隊的指揮中心。1989年公開展覽的3號坑，由68個陶俑、一乘戰車和四個馬傭。迄今從這些俑坑中共發掘出7000餘件陶俑、陶馬、戰車和兵器，大部分經過修復都已重獲了昔日的威武和莊嚴。秦始壘陵兵馬俑於1987年被聯合國教科文組織列爲世界文化遺產之一。
