探祕未來高科技病房什麼樣

The hospital room may be due for a checkup.

醫院病房或許該做一次檢查了。

Doctors and nurses, architects and designers all say the room setting has an important but largely neglected role to play in the delivery of quality care and outcomes.

醫生和護士、建築師和設計師都說，病房環境對於優質護理與優質診療結果的達成發揮着重要的作用，然而這種作用基本上都是被忽略了的。

Consider infections. One out of every 20 patients admitted to a hospital picks up an infection while there, according the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. These infections can be serious and deadly, and they cost the U.S. $10 billion a year.

以感染爲例。據美國疾病控制與預防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)數據，在美國，每20個入院病人就有一人在住院期間感染某種疾病。這些疾病有可能是嚴重而致命的，每年爲此付出的代價高達100億美元。

But recent studies indicate that at least half can be avoided. And the design of patient rooms is one of the best places to start.

但近期研究表明，至少一半的感染是可以避免的。病房的設計是最佳切入點之一。

The hospital room has changed little since the post-World War II years, when there was a shift to semiprivate rooms from wards. But even then, the patient wasn't central to the plan. Now, the patient room of the future is being designed as a safe, private, comfortable place conducive to healing.

二戰之後的那些年裏，多人共用的大病房被陸續改爲二到四人共用的半私密病房，之後基本上就沒有變化。然而即便在當時，病房的改造也不是圍繞病人而展開的。如今，未來的病房正在被設計成一個安全、私密、舒適、有利於康復的地方。

'With all the knowledge we've gained,' says Douglas Wood, director of the Mayo Clinic Center for Innovation, 'we can increasingly create an environment in the hospital to minimize the transmission of bacteria, increase the circulation of air, and reduce pain, discomfort and poor clinical outcomes.'

梅奧診所(Mayo Clinic)創新研究中心主任道格拉斯・伍德(Douglas Wood)說：“利用我們已經獲知的各種知識，我們越來越有能力在醫院裏面打造一種最大化降低細菌傳播，增加空氣循環，減少疼痛、不適和劣質診療結果的環境。”

Hospital officials from across the U.S. and abroad have traveled to New York to see the prototype patient room shown here. Designed by NXT Health, a nonprofit in New York, and funded by the Department of Defense, the room is designed to reduce infections, falls, errors -- and ultimately costs. Here's a look at how it would do so.

全美各地以及美國國外都有醫院管理人員前往紐約參觀本文所示的這間樣板病房。這間病房由紐約非營利組織NXT Health設計、美國國防部資助，其出發點是減少感染、摔倒和差錯――最終就是減少要付出的代價。讓我們大概瞭解一下它是怎樣實現這些目標的。

1. Patient Ribbon

1•“病人環帶”

The canopy above the bed, the patient ribbon, extends from the head wall to the footwall. It contains electrical, technological and gas components normally found in any hospital room. It also includes a sound system that can create a cocoon above the patient's head to block out unwanted noise and minimize the transmission of noise to other areas of the room.

病牀上方的頂蓋“病人環帶”(Patient Ribbon)從牀頭牆一直延伸到牀尾牆，包含普通病房裏面一般都有的電子、技術及氣體設備。它還有一個聲音系統，可以在病人頭部上方形成一個“繭”，一方面屏蔽掉惱人的噪音，另一方面也最大化地降低傳到病房其他區域的噪音。

2. Halo Lightbox

2. 暈輪燈箱

The halo lightbox in the patient ribbon above the bed can be programmed for mood or light therapy, and can simulate cloud movements, blue skies and other lighting conditions.

鑲嵌在病牀上方病人環帶裏的暈輪燈箱可以通過編程打造特定氛圍或用於燈光理療，也可以模擬浮雲、藍天和其他一些光線環境。

3. Head Wall

3. 牀頭牆

The head wall contains the equipment needed to check vital signs (heartbeat, breathing rate, temperature and blood pressure), as well as oxygen and other supplies, all stowed neatly out of sight but easily accessible through pull-down panels in the wall.

牀頭牆包含一臺用於檢查關鍵指標（心跳、呼吸頻率、體溫和血壓）的設備，以及氧氣和其他物資供給設備。這一切都整齊地收納起來不會被看到，但可以通過牀頭牆內的下拉式面板輕鬆調用。

4. Footwall

4. 牀尾牆

The footwall contains a large screen that can be used for entertainment, video consultations with doctors, and access to hospital information, educational content and social-media sites. It's controlled from the bed by a tablet computer that allows the patient to adjust lighting, sound, and temperature.

牀尾牆包含一個大屏幕，可以用於娛樂、通過視頻諮詢醫生，也可以用來訪問醫院信息、教育內容和社交網站。病人在病牀上通過一臺平板電腦來對其進行控制。這臺電腦還允許病人調節光線、聲音和溫度。

5. Rubber Floors

5. 橡膠地板

The floors are made of low-porosity rubber, which doesn't contain or need chemical sealers or waxes that often trap bacteria and other substances that can cause infections and allergic reaction. Rubber is quieter, softer and less slippery than other traditional floor materials. In case of a fall, it reduces impact.

地面由細孔橡膠鋪成，不包含也不需要化學密封材料或蠟油，因爲這些東西常常會藏納細菌等物質，可能引起感染和過敏反應。橡膠比其他傳統地面材料要安靜、柔軟、防滑。在發生摔倒的情況下，還可以減輕衝擊。

6. Room Surfaces

6. 室內表面

All surfaces in the room other than the floor are made of Corian or similar solid-surface materials commonly found in homes as kitchen countertops. The material is nonporous and seamless, making it easy to clean and minimizing the chances for mold, mildew or bacteria to grow. That all reduces the risk of infection.

室內除了地面以外的其他表面都採用可麗耐人造石(Corian)和其他常用作住宅廚房檯面的硬表面材料。這些材料無孔無縫，容易清潔，並將發黴、生長細菌的概率最小化。這些都會降低感染風險。

7. Entry Workstation

7. 入口工作站

The workstation is located at the entrance to the patient room. As a staff member or other person enters, the sink lights up in red to indicate that hands should be washed. When hands are disinfected, a green light blinks. A dashboard in the wall stores a computer, where information on the patient can be found and entered.

這個工作站位於病房入口。當醫院人員或其他人員進入的時候，洗手檯就會亮起紅燈，表示需要洗手。雙手消完毒之後，就會有綠燈閃爍。牆面上的一個儀表板放了一臺電腦，可以查閱、錄入病人的資料。

8. Bedside Caregiver Hub

8. 牀邊護理中心

At the bedside caregiver hub, a wall panel holds another computer. Other technology is embedded in the wall, and when the panel is closed, ultraviolet light kills bacteria that might have formed on surfaces. The computer keyboard, like all others in the room, is a flat, nonporous typing surface that's easy and quick to clean, unlike conventional keyboards, which can harbor bacteria.

牀邊護理中心的一個牆面面板容納了另外一臺電腦。牆面還植入了其他一些技術，當面板關閉的時候，就會有紫外線殺滅各處表面上可能已經形成的細菌。電腦鍵盤和病房內的其他所有鍵盤一樣，都是一個平坦無孔的輸入表面，清潔起來方便快捷，不像常規鍵盤那樣可能會藏納細菌。

9. Patient Companion

9. 病人伴侶

The mobile patient companion contains both an eating surface and a flat computer when flipped over. Operated by touch, the computer controls the screen on the footwall and the light and sound in the patient area. The surface has colored rings to indicate when power is low and icons to touch to call for help.

移動式病人伴侶包含一個就餐平面，翻過來就是一臺平板電腦。電腦爲觸控式，控制着牀尾牆面上的屏幕和病人區域的光線、聲音。就餐平面上有表示何時電量不足的彩色圓圈，以及通過觸摸尋求幫助的圖標。