英國反恐部門監視境內3000極端分子
British counter-terrorism officials are monitoring 3,000 extremists in the UK that they fear could commit acts of domestic terror or become future “Jihadi Johns”.
Many will never have travelled abroad or been official members of terrorist organisations, underscoring the growing problem facing intelligence and security agencies across Europe in tracking radical communities of home-grown terrorists.
名單上的許多人從來沒有出過國，也從來不是恐怖組織的正式成員，這突顯了歐洲各國情報和安全機構在追蹤由土生土長的恐怖分子構成的激進羣體方面遇到的日益嚴重的問題。The disclosure follows the unmasking of Londoner Mohammed Emwazi this week as the hooded murderer responsible for some of the most barbaric killings perpetrated by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, or Isis.
這一消息傳出之前，“伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯蘭國”(ISIS)部分最野蠻的殺戮行徑的蒙面劊子手本週身份曝光，此人原來是倫敦市民，名叫穆罕默德•埃姆瓦茲(Mohammed Emwazi)。
The 3,000 figure is significantly higher than previous estimates. In late 2007, Jonathan Evans, then director general of MI5 — Britain’s domestic intelligence agency — said the Security Service was monitoring 2,000 people.
3000人這個數字顯著高於先前的估計。2007年底，英國國內情報機構軍情五處(MI5)負責人喬納森•埃文斯(Jonathan Evans)曾說，該機構監視着2000人。The number of so-called SoIs — subjects of interest as potentially violent extremists are known in MI5 parlance — had been stable until recent months: but the rise of Isis has expanded their ranks. Senior Whitehall security officials told the Financial Times there was real concern over the impact social media was having on radical individuals in Britain and its ability to magnify the appeal of jihadism in the Middle East.
按照MI5的用語，潛在的暴力極端分子被稱爲“感興趣對象”(SoI)。這些人的數量在之前一直保持穩定，近幾個月纔出現變化；ISIS的興起壯大了他們的行列。白廳高級安全官員告訴英國《金融時報》，關於社交媒體對英國境內激進人士產生的影響，以及社交媒體放大中東聖戰吸引力的能力，有關方面抱有真切的擔憂。The focus of counter-terrorism efforts in Europe until now has been on preventing citizens from travelling to Syria and Iraq to join terror groups. An estimated 3,000 Europeans have travelled to fight there, among them more than 500 Britons. But individuals who remain at home are increasingly being seen as high priority targets for monitoring as the incidence of “lone wolf” terror attacks grows.
此前歐洲反恐努力的焦點是阻止公民前往敘利亞和伊拉克加入恐怖組織。據估計已有3000名歐洲人前往該地區投入作戰，其中包括500多名英國人。但是，隨着“孤狼”恐怖襲擊事件的發生率增加，留在本土的個人正日趨被視爲高優先級監視目標。They are becoming harder to track too, British officials say, because they are less likely to be members of groups or well-connected networks. One senior security officer described the problem as like trying to follow the random “brownian motion” of particles in a teapot.
英國官員們表示，跟蹤他們的難度也加大了，因爲他們不太可能是組織或龐大網絡的成員。一名高級安全官員形容就像是在追蹤一個茶壺裏面所有粒子的“布朗運動”。“There have always been a lot of people [under watch]. But the perception for a long time was that the numbers had plateaued,” said Raffaello Pantucci, director of international security studies at the think-tank Rusi. “Now there is a whole new layer on top of that because the noise from Isis in Syria and Iraq is so loud it is attracting others.”
“一直有很多人（處於監視之下）。但在一段較長時期內，各方的看法是這些人的數量已經趨於穩定，”智庫——英國皇家聯合軍種研究院(Royal United Services Institute)的國際安全研究總監拉菲洛•潘圖奇(Raffaello Pantucci)表示。“現在增添了全新的一層，因爲ISIS從敘利亞和伊拉克傳來的噪音如此響亮，吸引了其他人。”
