《查理週刊》並非唯一受害者

François Hollande, France’s president, rightly called it “an act of exceptional barbarity . . . against freedom of expression”. But the murder on Wednesday of 12 people at the Paris offices of Charlie Hebdo, a satirical magazine, will not surprise anyone familiar with the rising tensions among France’s 5m or more Muslim citizens and the poisonous legacy of French colonialism in north Africa.

法國總統弗朗索瓦•奧朗德(François Hollande)恰如其分地將週三發生的槍擊案稱爲“針對言論自由的……慘無人道之舉”。不過，任何一個人，如果熟悉法國穆斯林公民羣體中日漸緊張的情緒，以及法國對北非那段殖民歷史延續至今的遺毒，那麼他對諷刺漫畫雜誌《查理週刊》(Charlie Hebdo)巴黎總部12人被槍殺一事就不會感到意外。如今，法國的穆斯林公民人口已達到500萬甚至更多。

For now, the perpetrators are unidentified. We need to keep in mind that the worst terrorist outrage in Europe of recent years, the murder of 77 people in Norway in 2011, was committed not by Islamist militants but by a far-right fanatic, Anders Behring Breivik.

目前，襲擊者的身份已經查明。我們不能忘記的是，歐洲近年來最嚴重恐怖事件的製造者，不是伊斯蘭武裝分子，而是極右翼狂熱分子安德斯•貝林•佈雷維克(Anders Behring Breivik)。在2011年發生在挪威的那次事件中，他殺害了77人。

Like other politically motivated attacks, from 9/11 to the killing last May of four people at the Jewish museum in Brussels, the atrocity at Charlie Hebdo was despicable and indefensible. Among the first to condemn it was the French Council of the Muslim Faith, which termed it “a barbaric act against democracy and freedom of the press”.

從9•11事件到去年5月的布魯塞爾猶太博物館事件（那次事件導致4人喪生），再到針對《查理週刊》的暴行，這種政治動機驅動的恐怖襲擊都是卑鄙而不可原諒的。法國穆斯林信仰理事會(French Council of the Muslim Faith)是最先發聲譴責的團體之一，稱這次事件是“針對民主和出版自由的野蠻行徑”。

Charlie Hebdo is a bastion of the French tradition of hard-hitting satire. It has a long record of mocking, baiting and needling Muslims. Two years ago the magazine published a 65-page strip cartoon book portraying the Prophet’s life. And this week it gave special coverage to Soumission (“Submission”), a new novel by Michel Houellebecq, the idiosyncratic author, which depicts France in the grip of an Islamic regime led by a Muslim president.

《查理週刊》是法國媒體尖銳諷刺傳統的一座堡壘。長期以來它都不乏揶揄、譏諷和鍼砭穆斯林的內容。兩年前，該雜誌出版過一本65頁的連環漫畫書，描繪伊斯蘭先知(the Prophet)的生活。就在本週，該雜誌爲米歇爾•維勒貝克(Michel Houellebecq)的新小說《屈服》(Soumission)製作了一組專題報道。維勒貝克是一位特立獨行的作家，《屈服》描繪的是一位穆斯林總統領導的伊斯蘭政權控制下的法國。

This is not in the slightest to condone the murderers, who must be caught and punished, or to suggest that freedom of expression should not extend to satirical portrayals of religion. It is merely to say that some common sense would be useful at publications such as Charlie Hebdo, and Denmark’s Jyllands-Posten, which purport to strike a blow for freedom when they provoke Muslims.

這麼說並沒有任何爲兇手開脫的意思，兇手必須被繩之以法。這麼說也並非暗示言論自由不適用於對宗教的諷刺。我只是想說，對《查理週刊》和丹麥的《日德蘭郵報》(Jyllands-Posten)這類刊物來說，用“常識”來思考會有幫助。這些雜誌在激怒穆斯林的時候，總是自稱是爲了自由而戰。

Emotions are understandably high in France, where the next question is what impact Wednesday’s murders will have on the political climate, and in particular the fortunes of Marine Le Pen and her far-right National Front. Anti-Islamism is part of the electoral attraction of a party that topped the polls in May in France’s European Parliament elections.

法國現在羣情激奮，這可以理解。下一個問題是，這一槍殺事件會對法國政局帶來什麼影響，特別是對馬琳•勒龐(Marine Le Pen)及其領導的極右翼黨派國民陣線(National Front)帶來什麼影響。該黨在去年5月舉行的法國歐洲議會選舉中得票率第一，反伊斯蘭主義正是其高人氣的一個因素。

Ms Le Pen has taken care to distance her party from the anti-Semitism that stained it and limited its appeal under her father, Jean-Marie Le Pen. But she has left anti-Islamism in place and even reinforced it.

勒龐已謹慎地讓其政黨和反猶太主義保持一定距離。在她父親讓-瑪麗•勒龐(Jean-Marie Le Pen)領導國民陣線時，反猶太主義曾是該黨的政治污點，並影響到它對選民的吸引力。但勒龐並未改變反伊斯蘭主義的態度，甚至有所強化。

In 2010 Ms Le Pen compared Muslims praying in the streets to the 1940-44 Nazi occupation of France. Less than 18 months later she collected 17.9 per cent of the vote in France’s presidential election. She has a good chance of increasing her share of the vote enough to win the first round — though not the second, decisive round — of the 2017 election.

2010年，勒龐把穆斯林在街頭祈禱比作1940-44年納粹佔領法國。不到18個月之後，她在法國總統選舉中贏得了17.9%的選票。在2017年的選舉中，她很可能會在第一輪中以更大的優勢勝出——雖然不是在決定性的第二輪。

Anti-Islamism and a hard line on immigration will shore up Ms Le Pen’s core vote, but they will not unlock the doors of the Elysée Palace. Surveys show that a majority of French people rejects racism and dislikes extremism.

反伊斯蘭主義以及對移民的強硬態度，將爲勒龐拉來核心選票，但這不會爲她打開通往愛麗捨宮(Elysée Palace)的大門。調查顯示，多數法國人反對種族主義，也不喜歡極端主義。

The English author Andrew Hussey, who lives in Paris, published a book last year called The French Intifada, in which he described France as “the world capital of liberty, equality and fraternity . . . under attack from the angry and dispossessed heirs to the French colonial project”.

在巴黎生活的英國作家安德魯·赫西(Andrew Hussey)去年出版了新書《法國起義》(The French Intifada)，他在書中把法國形容爲“自由、平等、友愛的世界首都，但承受着那些憤怒的、失勢的法國殖民計劃繼承者的攻擊。”

The murders in Paris throw down a challenge to French politicians and citizens to stand up for the republic’s core values and defeat political violence without succumbing to the siren songs of the far right.

巴黎發生的槍殺事件對法國政客和公民發出了挑戰，將考驗他們是否有勇氣爲法國的核心價值觀挺身而出，擊敗政治暴力，拒絕屈服於極右翼狂熱分子的塞壬之歌。